Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prostaglandin E1 attenuates the hypertensive response to tracheal extubation.
Tracheal extubation causes hypertension and tachycardia, which may cause imbalance between myocardial oxygen demand and supply in patients at risk of coronary artery disease. We conducted a randomized, controlled study to evaluate the effects of 0.05 or 0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) iv on haemodynamic variables occurring during tracheal extubation and emergence from anaesthesia and compared them in patients receiving either lidocaine or saline. ⋯ The intravenous infusion of 0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 PGE1 given during emergence from anaesthesia and tracheal extubation is a useful method for attenuating the hypertension associated with noxious stimuli during this period.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Ventilatory parameters in children during propofol anaesthesia: a comparison with halothane.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of propofol on ventilation with those of halothane. ⋯ Propofol anaesthesia was associated with a decrease in Vi whereas during halothane anaesthesia, Vi did not change. Ventilation in Group P differed from Group H in parameters of both breath Drive and Timing.
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In this study the effect of level of experience of the intubator on the forces applied by the Macintosh laryngoscope on the maxillary incisors in both the axial and transverse direction were investigated. ⋯ In contrast to the effect on forces exerted in the axial direction, experience proved to have a beneficial effect on the forces in the transverse direction.
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The bradycardia produced by neostigmine and edrophonium was examined according to its relation to cholinesterase inhibition and to its sensitivity to block by muscarinic receptor antagonists. For comparison, the ability of muscarinic antagonists to block the bradycardia produced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve was determined. ⋯ The neostigmine-induced bradycardia is poorly correlated with cholinesterase inhibition compared to that produced by edrophonium, and has a higher sensitivity to muscarinic receptor antagonists compared to that produced by edrophonium or vagus nerve stimulation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the neostigmine-induced bradycardia is, in part, the result of neostigmine directly activating cholinergic receptors within the cardiac parasympathetic pathway. The bradycardia produced by edrophonium may be accounted for solely by an anticholinesterase action.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effective dose of granisetron for preventing postoperative emesis in children.
This study was to identify the minimum effective dose of granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor antagonist, to prevent postoperative vomiting in children who have undergone strabismus repair, tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy. ⋯ Granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1 is an effective antiemetic for preventing retching and vomiting following strabismus repair and tonsillectomy in children. Increasing the dose to 80 micrograms.kg-1 provided no demonstrable benefit in reducing postoperative emesis.