Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Comparative Study
Effect of beam steering on the visibility of echogenic and non-echogenic needles: a laboratory study.
During peripheral nerve block procedures, needle visibility decreases as the angle of needle insertion relative to skin increases due to loss of reflective signals. The primary aim of our study was to compare the effect of beam steering on the visibility of echogenic and non-echogenic block needles. ⋯ The PAJUNK echogenic needle, with or without beam steering, was more visible when compared with the non-echogenic needle at 60° and 70° angles of insertion. In contrast, at a 40° angle of needle insertion, the non-echogenic needle with beam steering was more visible compared with the echogenic needle.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The median effective seated time for hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia at Cesarean delivery with two doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine: a randomized up-down sequential allocation study.
Extending the time a parturient is left sitting after induction of spinal anesthesia (i.e., the seated time) has had varying success in decreasing hypotension at Cesarean delivery. This may be due to the current lack of information concerning the dose-response relationship of seated time and rates of hypotension. ⋯ There exists a seated time after intrathecal injection of hyperbaric bupivacaine where 50% of parturients do not experience hypotension. This seated time increases with an increased dose of bupivacaine. Further work is required to determine the full relationship between seated time and hypotension for other doses of anesthetic and to investigate the clinical utility of this technique for prevention of hypotension. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01561274).