Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine
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Lymphedema and lipedema are chronic debilitating disorders that most commonly affect the upper and lower extremities. Although they can appear similar, they differ in important ways, which the authors of this article review and contrast.
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Despite current therapies, heart failure and chronic kidney disease continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have recently become standard-of-care therapy for these conditions. This review summarizes important randomized controlled trials of SGLT-2 inhibitors and guidelines for using these agents in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease in both clinic and hospital settings.