American journal of preventive medicine
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Team-based interventions for hypertension care have been widely studied and shown effective in improving hypertension outcomes. Few studies have evaluated long-term effects of these interventions; none have assessed broad-scale implementation. This study estimates the prospective health, economic, and budgetary impact of universal adoption of a team-based care intervention model that targets people with treated but uncontrolled hypertension in the U.S. ⋯ Nationwide adoption of team-based care for uncontrolled hypertension could have sizable effects in reducing CVD burden. Based on the study's assumptions, the policy would be cost saving from the perspective of Medicare and may prove to be cost effective from other payers' perspectives. Expected net cost savings for Medicare would more than offset expected net costs for all other insurers.
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Although pay for performance (P4P) programs are being increasingly used by state Medicaid programs to provide incentives for managed care plans to provide high-quality care, no national study has examined the effects of these plans on commonly targeted outcomes such as childhood immunization rates. ⋯ This study provides some evidence that Medicaid P4P programs may be helpful in improving childhood vaccination rates. Further study of the effects on other targeted outcomes as well as the effects of different P4P program designs may increase understanding of the potential role of these programs in improving the quality of health care.
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Although the metabolic health effects of shift work have been extensively studied, a systematic synthesis of the available research is lacking. This review aimed to systematically summarize the available evidence of longitudinal studies linking shift work with metabolic risk factors. ⋯ Shift work seems to be associated with body weight gain, risk for overweight, and impaired glucose tolerance. Overall, lack of high-methodologic quality studies and inconsistency in findings led to insufficient evidence in assessing the relation between shift work and other metabolic risk factors. To strengthen the evidence, more high-quality longitudinal studies that provide more information on the shift work schedule (e.g., frequency of night shifts, duration in years) are needed. Further, research to the (mediating) role of lifestyle behaviors in the health effects of shift work is recommended, as this may offer potential for preventive strategies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Impact of Different Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels on Consumer Purchasing Intentions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Despite growing evidence supporting the utility of front-of-pack nutrition labels in enabling consumer evaluation of food product healthiness, research on food choices is scarce. This study aims at comparing the impact of front-of-pack nutrition labels on consumers' purchasing intentions. ⋯ The Five-Color Nutrition Label based on a color-coded and graded scale indicating overall nutritional quality is effective in promoting overall healthier food choices in all population subgroups.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Fit 5 Kids TV Reduction Program for Latino Preschoolers: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
Reducing Latino preschoolers' TV viewing is needed to reduce their risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. This study's objective was to evaluate the Fit 5 Kids (F5K) TV reduction program's impact on Latino preschooler's TV viewing. ⋯ F5K reduced Latino preschoolers' TV viewing by >25 minutes daily. These findings have implications for prevention of obesity, related disorders, and health equity.