American journal of preventive medicine
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With the ongoing opioid overdose epidemic in the U.S., it is important to explore how prescription opioid misuse correlates with health behaviors that increase the risk for adverse health outcomes among adolescents. The objective of this study is to determine if lifetime nonmedical use of prescription opioids is associated with health risk behaviors among adolescents. ⋯ Nonmedical use of prescription opioids is associated with many health risk behaviors. Opportunities to reduce nonmedical use of prescription opioids include screening pediatric patients for opioid use disorder, improved prescribing practices, and, from a primary prevention perspective, integrated evidence-based health education programs in schools.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Cluster Randomized Trial for Hypertension Control: Effect on Lifestyles and Body Weight.
Lifestyle modification, such as healthy diet habits, regular physical activity, and maintaining a normal body weight, must be prescribed to all hypertensive individuals. This study aims to test whether a multicomponent intervention is effective in improving lifestyle and body weight among low-income families. ⋯ The multicomponent intervention was effective for increasing fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity with no effect on alcohol consumption, smoking, addition of salt, or body weight among low-income families in Argentina.
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Meta Analysis
Physical Activity and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Anxiety symptoms and disorders are highly prevalent and costly. Prospective studies suggest that physical activity may prevent anxiety development; however, this body of literature has not been reviewed comprehensively. ⋯ Available evidence suggests that engaging in physical activity protects against anxiety symptoms and disorders. However, notable challenges in the current evidence base include issues regarding exposure and outcome measures, consistent adjustment for putative confounders, representativeness of samples, and attrition bias, which warrant further research.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized Trial of Low-Nicotine Cigarettes and Transdermal Nicotine.
A mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes may decrease smoking, but also increase demand for other nicotine products. The present study tested the impact of smoking cigarettes with very low nicotine content and concurrent use of a transdermal nicotine patch. ⋯ A mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes is likely to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day, but the added benefit of concurrent transdermal nicotine is unclear. Future studies should investigate whether alternative sources of noncombusted tobacco, such as e-cigarettes, enhance the effects of very low nicotine content cigarettes on smoking.
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Although previous research has suggested a positive association between child maltreatment and BMI over the life course, it is unclear when this develops. ⋯ The relationship between child maltreatment and BMI varies as a function of type of maltreatment, sex, and time. Notably, associations between maltreatment and BMI did not emerge until young adulthood. Future research should investigate mechanisms by which the association between maltreatment and BMI changes over time to identify trauma-informed intervention targets for improving weight outcomes.