American journal of preventive medicine
-
This scoping review examines the literature as it relates to autonomous vehicles and impact on movement behavior (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) or mode choice (e.g., public transit), beliefs about movement behavior or mode choice, or impact on environments that may influence movement behavior or mode choice. ⋯ Though no experimental or longitudinal studies have been published to date, the available research suggests that autonomous vehicles will impact aspects of mode choice and the built environment of people residing in much of the developed world, resulting in reduced walking and more sitting.
-
Rural communities face unique challenges including fewer healthcare providers and restricted access to nutritious foods, likely leading to poor health outcomes. Community health coalitions are groups of local organizations partnering to address local health needs. Employing such coalitions is one strategy for implementing policy-system-environment changes for improving rural health. However, their success is variable without standardized evaluation. In this review, rural community health coalitions were retrospectively assessed using the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model. Community health coalition-reported pathways through this model were explored using market basket analysis. ⋯ Many rural community health coalitions reported inputs and capacity building; few impacted health. Recommending common early phase logic model pathways may facilitate downstream success.
-
Comparative Study
Comparisons of Estimates From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Other National Health Surveys, 2011-2016.
The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is composed of telephone surveys that collect state data from non-institutionalized U.S. adults regarding health-related risk behaviors and chronic health conditions. A new design was implemented in 2011 to include participants on cellular telephones. It is important to validate estimates since 2011. ⋯ Comparing BRFSS time trends with those of 2 national benchmark surveys in 10 key and widely used variables suggests that the trends of prevalences (or means) from BRFSS, NHANES, and NHIS are mostly similar. For many variables, despite statistically significant differences in the prevalences (or means) between surveys, absolute differences in most cases were small and not meaningful from a public health surveillance perspective.
-
Previous research shows the associations between secondhand smoke exposure and health consequences among youth, but less is known about its effect on academic performance. This study examines a dose-response relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and subsequent academic performance among U.S. youth. ⋯ A dose-response relationship was observed between secondhand smoke exposure and academic performance among U.S. youth. Reducing youth secondhand smoke exposure may promote academic performance and subsequent educational attainment.