American journal of preventive medicine
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Observational Study
Concordance in Adolescent and Caregiver Report of Social Determinants of Health.
Screening youth for negative social determinants of health is a widespread practice across healthcare settings in the U.S., with such systems almost exclusively relying on caregiver reports. Little work has sought to identify the social determinants of health adolescents identify as having the largest influence on their health and well-being or the extent to which adolescents agree with their caregiver. This study sought to (1) identify the most prevalent and influential negative social determinants of health, according to adolescent reports, and (2) assess concordance between adolescent and caregiver reports of social determinants of health. ⋯ A hybrid informant approach may be a best practice for social determinants of health screening among adolescents, whereby caregivers and adolescents report material needs, and adolescents report social and mental health needs. Future work should evaluate the concordance between adolescent and caregiver social determinants of health reports in other settings.
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The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology have proposed adjusting hypertension-related care quality measures by excluding patients with economic/access issues from the denominator of rate calculations. No research to date has explored the methods to operationalize this recommendation or how to measure economic/access issues. This study applied and compared different approaches to populating these denominator exceptions. ⋯ Changes in clinic-level hypertension control rates after adjustment differed depending on the measure of economic/access issue. Regardless of the exclusion method, changes between baseline and adjusted rates were small. Removing community health center patients experiencing economic/access barriers from a hypertension control quality measure resulted in excluding a large proportion of patients, raising concerns about whether this calculation can be a meaningful measure of clinical performance.
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As cannabis increasingly becomes a consumer product in the U.S., its product packaging has become critically important to regulators. This study examined the influence of recreational cannabis packaging characteristics. ⋯ Edibles are a unique type of cannabis that should be given special consideration under state laws, and lawmakers should consider limiting and governing the use of both implicit and explicit health claims on recreational cannabis packages when implementing laws.
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The goal of this study was to estimate how state preemption laws that prohibit local authority to raise the minimum wage or mandate paid sick leave have contributed to working-age mortality from suicide, homicide, drug overdose, alcohol poisoning, and transport accidents. ⋯ State legislatures' preemption of local authority to enact health-promoting legislation may be contributing to the worrisome trends in external causes of death.
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Influenza vaccination is the best prevention strategy to protect against influenza infection. Determining accurate influenza vaccination coverage is critical. This study assesses the concordance between self-reported and claimed-based influenza vaccination coverage and examines vaccination disparities in the U.S. ⋯ The level of data agreement differed by beneficiaries' characteristics and was low among males, racial and ethnic minority groups, and rural residents.