American journal of preventive medicine
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Home blood pressure monitoring is more convenient and effective than clinic-based monitoring in diagnosing and managing hypertension. Despite its effectiveness, there is limited evidence of the economic impact of home blood pressure monitoring. This study aims to fill this research gap by assessing the health and economic impact of adopting home blood pressure monitoring among adults with hypertension in the U.S. ⋯ Home blood pressure monitoring could substantially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease and save healthcare costs in the long term, and the benefits could be more pronounced in racial and ethnic minority groups and those living in rural areas. These findings have important implications in expanding home blood pressure monitoring for improving population health and reducing health disparities.
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Lifetime exposure to interpersonal violence or abuse has been associated with several chronic diseases, including adult-onset diabetes, yet this pattern has not been confirmed by sex and race within a large cohort. ⋯ Both adult interpersonal violence or abuse and childhood abuse or neglect increased the risk of adult-onset diabetes in a dose-dependent pattern for men and women, and by race. Intervention and prevention efforts to reduce adult interpersonal violence or abuse and childhood abuse or neglect could not only reduce the risk of lifetime interpersonal violence or abuse but may also reduce one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, adult-onset diabetes.
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Women with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) face up to 50% higher risk of cardiovascular disease than men. This study evaluated the extent to which prediabetes and undiagnosed T2D are associated with a greater excess risk of cardiovascular disease in women versus in men. ⋯ Prediabetes or undiagnosed T2D was associated with a greater excess risk of cardiovascular disease in women than in men. The sex differential in cardiovascular disease risk among those without the T2D diagnosis suggests the need for sex-specific guidelines in T2D screening and treatment.
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Screen time is predominantly measured using questionnaires assessing a limited range of activities. This project aimed to develop a coding protocol that reliably identified screen time, including device type and specific screen behaviors, from video-camera footage. ⋯ This protocol reliably codes screen activities in adolescents, offering promise for improving the understanding of the impact of different screen activities on health.
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Adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was the first vaccine made available for herpes zoster in China. Authors aimed to evaluate its economic and health impacts on Chinese adults aged ≥50 years. ⋯ RZV was most likely to be cost-effective in people aged 60-69 years. A slight decrease in vaccine cost would result in RZV being cost-effective in all people aged ≥50 years.