American journal of preventive medicine
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Understanding the relationship between ENDS use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory conditions is critical. However, most previous studies have not fully adjusted for cigarette smoking history. ⋯ ENDS use did not significantly increase the risk of self-reported incident COPD over a 5-year period once current smoking status and cigarette pack years were included. Cigarette pack years, by contrast, remained associated with a net increase in COPD incidence risk. These findings highlight the importance of using prospective longitudinal data and adequately controlling for cigarette smoking history to assess the independent health effects of ENDS.
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Deaths of despair (i.e., suicide, drug/alcohol overdose, and chronic liver disease and cirrhosis) have been increasing over the past 2 decades. However, no large-scale studies have examined geographic patterns of deaths of despair in the U.S. This ecologic study identifies geographic and temporal patterns of individual and co-occurring clusters of deaths of despair. ⋯ Findings support identifying and targeting risk factors common to all types of deaths of despair when planning public health interventions. Resources and policies that address all deaths of despair simultaneously may be beneficial for the areas contained within the co-occurring high-risk clusters.
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Little has previously been reported about the implementation of social risk screening across racial/ethnic/language groups. To address this knowledge gap, the associations between race/ethnicity/language, social risk screening, and patient-reported social risks were examined among adult patients at community health centers. ⋯ Social risk screening documentation and patient reports of social risks differed by race/ethnicity/language in community health centers. Although social care initiatives are intended to promote health equity, inequitable screening practices could inadvertently undermine this goal. Future implementation research should explore strategies for equitable screening and related interventions.
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Review Meta Analysis
Network Meta-analysis of Behavioral Programs for Smoking Quit in Healthy People.
Smoking is a risk factor for most chronic diseases and premature death, with a global prevalence of more than 1 billion people who smoke. This network meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of different behavioral interventions on smoking cessation. ⋯ From the results of the network meta-analysis, different behavioral interventions resulted in positive impacts on smoking cessation compared with that of brief advice, especially video counseling, face-to-face cognitive education, and motivational interviews. Owing to the poor quality of evidence, high-quality trials should be conducted in the future to provide more robust evidence.