American journal of preventive medicine
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Food and nutrition security is crucial for health, but many U.S. households experience food insecurity. This systematic review conducted in support of the Community Preventive Services Task Force examines the effectiveness of Fruit and Vegetable Incentive programs in reducing food insecurity, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, and improving health outcomes among households with lower incomes. ⋯ Based on the review findings, the Community Preventive Services Task Force recommends Fruit and Vegetable Incentive programs for populations with lower incomes to reduce household food insecurity, increase household fruit and vegetable consumption, and improve blood glucose levels in participants at risk for or with diet-related health conditions. Although the review did not find direct evidence of reducing health disparities, the Community Preventive Services Task Force expects that these programs will improve health equity across the U.S. by improving the affordability and accessibility of healthier foods for households with lower incomes.
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Data on adverse childhood experiences are key to understanding their burden and informing prevention programs and strategies. Population-based surveys that collect adverse childhood experiences data may be affected by item nonresponse. This study examines differences in nonresponse to the optional Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System adverse childhood experiences module overall, by sociodemographic characteristics, by year, and by question. ⋯ Overall, findings demonstrate that individuals are willing to respond to the adverse childhood experiences module questions. Although low, nonresponse to the module increased from 2019 to 2021. Higher nonresponse for sexual abuse questions may be due to their sensitivity or potential survey fatigue due to placement at the end of the module. Higher nonresponse among racial/ethnic minorities and economically disadvantages groups highlights opportunities to improve existing surveillance systems.
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Prior work has found incongruencies in injury information reported by crash and hospital records. However, no work has focused on child passengers. The objective of this study was to compare crash scene and hospital-reported injury information for crash-involved child passengers. This study also explored injury location and severity by child age and restraint type. ⋯ Crash reports overestimated the number of injured child passengers and misrepresented injury severity and locations. Child restraint systems mitigated a child's injury risk. Importantly, injury information documented on crash reports currently informs the allocation of traffic safety resources. These results highlight the importance of improving these reports' accuracy and underscore calls to link administrative datasets for public health efforts.
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Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes, but their impact on workplace absenteeism remains poorly understood. Moreover, few studies have examined the role of CUD severity. This study aims to address these gaps by examining the associations between cannabis use recency, frequency, CUD severity, and workplace absenteeism. ⋯ Individuals with recent and frequent cannabis use and CUD are disproportionately prone to workplace absenteeism. Results support the enforcement of workplace drug prevention and treatment policies.
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People with chronic pain are at increased risk of opioid misuse. Less is known about the unique risk conferred by each pain management treatment, as treatments are typically implemented together, confounding their independent effects. This study estimated the extent to which pain management treatments were associated with risk of opioid use disorder (OUD) for those with chronic pain, controlling for baseline demographic and clinical confounding variables and holding other pain management treatments at their observed levels. ⋯ Coprescription of opioids with either gabapentin or benzodiazepines may substantially increase OUD risk. More positively, physical therapy may be a relatively accessible and safe pain management strategy.