American journal of preventive medicine
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Recommendations for adult pneumococcal vaccination in the U.S. were revised in 2022 after the introduction of 15- and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20) to call for routine PCV use among immunocompetent adults with risk conditions aged 19-64 years. The present study estimated the size of this newly recommended population. ⋯ Approximately one in four U.S. adults aged <65 years is now recommended to receive PCV15 or PCV20, which highlights the need for providers to assess vaccination status, administer the vaccine, or refer patients as appropriate, as well as the need for tools to facilitate patient identification and vaccination.
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The 2018 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations endorsed shared decision making for men aged 55-69 years, encouraging consideration of patient race/ethnicity for prostate-specific antigen screening. This study aimed to assess whether a proxy shared decision-making variable modified the impact of race/ethnicity on the likelihood of prostate-specific antigen screening. ⋯ Although much disparities research focuses on race-based differences in prostate-specific antigen screening, research on strategies to mitigate these disparities is needed. Shared decision making might attenuate the impact of race/ethnic disparities on the likelihood of prostate-specific antigen screening.
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Coupons are an effective, frequently used tobacco marketing strategy. This study examined prospective associations between cumulative exposure to e-cigarette coupons and changes in e-cigarette use among U.S. adults. ⋯ E-cigarette coupons may encourage and sustain e-cigarette use. Policies restricting e-cigarette coupons may curb e-cigarette use.
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Calorie labeling of standard menu items has been implemented at large restaurant chains across the U.S. since 2018. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of calorie labeling at large U.S. fast-food chains. ⋯ Calorie labeling at large fast-food chains is estimated to be a cost-saving intervention to improve long-term population health. Calorie labeling is a low-cost intervention that is already implemented across the U.S. in large chain restaurants.
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Amid the successes of local sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes, interest in state-wide policies has grown. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of a hypothetical 2-cent-per-ounce excise tax in California and its implications for population health and health equity. ⋯ A state-wide SSB tax in California would be cost saving, lead to reductions in obesity and improvement in SSB-related health equity, and lead to overall improvements in population health. The policy would generate more than $1.6 billion in state tax revenue annually that can also be used to improve health equity.