American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Quitline-Based Young Adult Vaping Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining NRT and mHealth.
Broad-reaching, effective e-cigarette cessation interventions are needed. ⋯ This quitline-delivered intervention was successful at helping young adults quit vaping, with almost half abstinent after 3 months. Higher than anticipated quit rates reduced power to identify significant group differences. Mailed NRT and mHealth did not significantly improve quit rates, in the context of an active control of a 2-call coaching program. Future research is needed to examine the independent effects of coaching calls, NRT, and mHealth in a fully-powered randomized control trial.
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In 2021, the USPSTF lowered the recommended age of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening initiation from 50 to 45 years. This study assessed clinician response to the updated guideline in a major health system. ⋯ Rapidly following the guideline change, clinicians increased their screening ordering rate for patients aged 45-49 years, indicating almost complete uptake of the recommendation.
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Observational Study
Hormones, stress, and heart disease in transgender women with HIV in LITE Plus.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death among transgender women and people with HIV. Exogenous estrogen and psychosocial stressors are known risk factors for CVD. Yet, few studies have used biomarkers to examine the role of stress in CVD risk among transgender women with HIV (TWHIV). This analysis examined whether stress moderates relationships between gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) duration and CVD risk among TWHIV. ⋯ Stress plays an important role in CVD in TWHIV. More research is needed on non-GAHT factors, which influence CVD health among transgender women.
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The purpose of this study was to simulate potential changes in dietary intake and food costs by replacing juice with whole fruit among children ages 1-5 years attending U.S. early care and education settings between 2008 and 2020. ⋯ Replacing juice with whole fruit in early care and education would result in increased fiber intake and decreased sugar and calories. A policy to replace juice with whole fruit in early care and education would likely cause an increased daily food cost and given the potential broad benefit of this dietary intervention, there may be reason to expand funding within nutrition assistance programs in early care and education.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Incentivizing Tobacco Helpline Engagement in Persistent Poverty Counties: A Randomized Trial.
Persistent poverty counties (PPCs) are U.S. counties where ≥20% of residents have lived in poverty for ≥30 years. Cancer mortality rates in PPCs are exceptionally high due, in part, to elevated smoking rates. ⋯ Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of offering small FI for completing OTH coaching calls to increase treatment engagement and smoking cessation in PPCs.