American journal of preventive medicine
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In guidance published in February 2020, the FDA described their intent to prioritize enforcement against the sale of flavored cartridge-based Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) except tobacco and menthol flavors. This guidance was specific to cartridge-based ENDS and did not apply to other ENDS types or e-liquids sold in the U.S.. It remains unknown if use of certain types of ENDS devices and flavors changed following the publication of this guidance. ⋯ Federal-level tobacco control actions taken in the U.S. in early 2020 prioritized enforcement against "any flavored, cartridge-based ENDS product (other than a tobacco- or menthol-flavored ENDS product)." Based on this analysis, there was a shift following the policy to menthol or mint-flavored ENDS and disposable-style ENDS.
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The U.S. has required chain food establishments-including supermarkets-to display calorie labels on prepared (i.e., ready-to-eat) foods since 2018. Implementation of this supermarket calorie labeling policy reduced purchases of prepared foods from supermarkets, but it remains unknown whether the policy is cost-effective. ⋯ A policy requiring calorie labels on prepared foods in supermarkets was projected to be cost-saving or cost-effective and lead to reductions in obesity across all racial, ethnic, and income groups.
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Physical activity is widely accepted as a therapeutic approach to age-related muscle mass loss. However, it is unclear whether all physical activity domains benefit muscle mass maintenance. This study investigated the association between low muscle mass and domain-specific physical activity, including leisure-time and occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). ⋯ Leisure-time MVPA is inversely associated with low muscle mass, whereas occupational MVPA shows no association, highlighting the importance of dynamic movements of sufficient intensity and recuperation time in maintaining muscle mass.
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Year 2021 had the highest number firearm suicide deaths in U.S. history, with veterans representing 62.4% of firearm suicide deaths. The study objective is to understand motivations for firearm ownership, storage practices, history of mental health disorders and suicide risk in servicemembers, as reported by family members. ⋯ Ownership for safety/protection and the presence of clinically significant anxiety predicted unsecured firearm storage practices. Future research examining motivations for gun ownership for safety/protection, anxiety, and unsecured storage practices may help target interventions to prevent suicide.