American journal of preventive medicine
-
Smoking prevalence has decreased considerably in Brazil from 34.8% in 1989 to 12.6% in 2019 owing to the implementation of strong tobacco control policies. However, recent data show that the downward trend may be stagnating. Detailed analyses of historical smoking patterns by birth cohort could guide tobacco control decision making in Brazil. ⋯ These detailed cohort-specific smoking parameters can be used to inform models that evaluate the impact of tobacco use and policies on long-term health outcomes and guide public health decision making in Brazil. Stagnant mean cigarettes smoked per day, increasing female smoking initiation, and limited improvement in male cessation among recent cohorts present challenges to tobacco control.
-
The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between built environments and life expectancy across a gradient of urbanicity in the U.S. ⋯ After adjusting for key social characteristics, several built environment characteristics were salient risk factors for decreased life expectancy in the U.S., with some measures showing differential effects by urbanicity. Planning and policy efforts should be tailored to local contexts.
-
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with a host of negative outcomes; however, few have studied cumulative adverse childhood experiences in the context of pregnancy and infant health. This study examines state-level prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and associations with pregnancy- and infant health‒related indicators. ⋯ Adverse childhood experiences are associated with risk factors that impact pregnancy and infant health. Preventing and mitigating adverse childhood experiences is an important strategy to improve pregnancy- and infant health‒related indicators.
-
U.S. smoking prevalence varies greatly by race/ethnicity. However, little is known about how smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity vary by birth cohort and race/ethnicity. ⋯ There are important and persistent racial/ethnic differences in smoking prevalence, initiation, cessation, and intensity across U.S. birth cohorts. Targeted interventions should address widening smoking disparities by race/ethnicity, particularly for American Indian and Alaskan Native and non-Hispanic Black populations.