American journal of preventive medicine
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Chronic diseases are primary causes of mortality and disability in the U.S. Although individual-level indices to assess the burden of multiple chronic diseases exist, there is a lack of quantitative tools at the population level. This gap hinders the understanding of the geographical distribution and impact of chronic diseases, crucial for effective public health strategies. This study aims to construct a Chronic Disease Burden Index (CDBI) for evaluating county-level disease burden, to identify geographic and temporal patterns, and investigate the association between CDBI and social vulnerability. ⋯ The CDBI offers an effective tool for assessing chronic disease burden at the population level. Identifying high-burden and vulnerable communities is a crucial first step toward facilitating resource allocation to enhance equitable healthcare access and advancing understanding of health disparities.
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This study examines associations between externalizing behaviors/violence exposure and suicidal behavior among U.S. high school students from 1991 to 2021. ⋯ Adolescents with externalizing behaviors/violence exposure are at an increased risk of an ISA. The relationship varies over time and by sex. Culturally adaptive and structurally competent approaches to mental health and mechanisms to identify at-risk youth are imperative.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effectiveness of a Just-In-Time Adaptive App to Increase Daily Steps: An RCT.
Addressing the public health problem of physical inactivity, this study evaluates SNapp, a just-in-time adaptive app intervention to promote walking through dynamically tailored coaching content. It assesses SNapp's impact on daily steps and how users' perceptions regarding ease of use and usefulness moderated its effectiveness. ⋯ SNapp increased steps only in users who deemed the app useful, underscoring the importance of user perceptions in app-based interventions.
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This study examines the prospective association between financial strain and smoking cessation and smoking relapse among U.S. adults with established smoking. ⋯ The results from this study suggest that financial strain is a barrier to cigarette smoking without relapse, which may be due to stress and coping processes. Smoking cessation interventions would benefit from considering the role that financial strain plays in inhibiting smoking cessation without relapse.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased mortality. AKI-related mortality trends by U.S. urban and rural counties were assessed. ⋯ Multidisciplinary efforts are needed to increase AKI awareness and implement strategies to reduce AKI-related mortality in rural and high-risk populations.