American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Adaptive Goals and Reinforcement Timing to Increase Physical Activity in Adults: A Factorial Randomized Trial.
Potent lifestyle interventions to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are urgently needed for population-level chronic disease prevention. This trial tested the independent and joint effects of a mobile health system automating adaptive goal setting and immediate financial reinforcement for increasing daily walking among insufficiently active adults. ⋯ This study offers automated and scalable-behavior change strategies for increasing walking among adults most at-risk for chronic diseases attributed to sedentary lifestyles.
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Awareness of heart attack symptoms and the best response is a national public health priority, especially among those at higher risk of heart disease. Adults with sensory loss are more likely to develop heart disease than those without and may be at risk of poor heart attack knowledge owing to limited patient-provider communication and access to health information. The aim of this study is to examine the association between sensory loss and heart attack knowledge. ⋯ Non-institutionalized adults with sensory loss may represent a group to target for improving the knowledge of heart attacks in the population.
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Consumption of ultraprocessed foods has been linked with higher intake of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthful fats, but the associations of ultraprocessed foods with overall diet quality and major food groups are not well known. ⋯ Higher ultraprocessed food consumption is associated with substantially lower diet quality among children and adults.
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Enhanced prenatal/postnatal care home visiting programs for Medicaid-insured women have significant positive impacts on care and health outcomes. However, enhanced prenatal care participation rates are typically low, enrolling <30% of eligible women. This study investigates the impacts of a population-based systems approach on timely enhanced prenatal care participation and other healthcare utilization. ⋯ A population systems approach improved selected enhanced prenatal care participation and service utilization for Medicaid-insured women in a county population, those in practices with established clinical-community linkages, and Black women.
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Grip strength is the most commonly used muscle strength proxy in clinical research. However, evidence regarding the associations of grip strength with cancer has been mainly restricted to overall cancer risk. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the associations between grip strength relative to BMI and 15 cancer sites as well as with all-cause cancer mortality. ⋯ Grip strength relative to BMI was associated with incidence and mortality from endometrial, gallbladder, colorectal, liver, all-cause cancer, and breast and kidney cancer incidence, independent of major confounding factors, including comorbidity, diet, and physical activity.