American journal of preventive medicine
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Research is needed to demonstrate the impact of child-directed advertising on household purchases of nutrient-poor children's foods to support mandatory government regulations. This study examines the relationship between total TV advertising to children versus adults and U.S. household purchases of high-sugar children's cereals. Post-hoc analyses examine potential differential marginal effects of advertising on households experiencing health disparities. ⋯ Advertising children's cereals directly to children may increase household purchases and children's consumption of these high-sugar products. Child-directed advertising may also disproportionately influence purchases by Black households. This study supports further restrictions on advertising of nutrient-poor foods directly to children.
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The aim of this study is to assess the individual and joint associations of variability in multiple cardiometabolic parameters with mortality risk across older populations. ⋯ Increased variability in cardiometabolic parameters is associated with elevated risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among older adults in China. Reducing variability of these parameters could serve as a target to increase life expectancy in older populations.
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Age at diagnosis of diabetes is important for informing public health planning and treatment strategies. This study aimed to estimate trends and racial/ethnic differences in age at diagnosis of adult-onset diabetes by type in the U.S. ⋯ Among U.S. adults, the mean age at diagnosis of adult-onset type 1 diabetes remained stable, and of adult-onset type 2 diabetes increased significantly from 2016 to 2022. Substantial and opposite differences in mean diagnosis age of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes by race/ethnicity were identified.
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Opioid prescription policies may reduce availability of prescription opioids and decrease initiation of opioid analgesic misuse and possible opioid use disorder. Opioid use disorder prevalence may have decreased in recent years, but there are few studies on trends of opioid use disorder incidence. The objective of this study was to examine opioid use disorder incidence rates to detect population changes overall and within demographic subgroups over time. ⋯ This study found that the opioid use disorder incidence rate in Vermont decreased overall between July 2017 (policy start limiting opioid analgesic prescriptions) and December 2021, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the most pronounced decrease among adolescents and young adults.
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As perinatal drug overdoses continue to rise, reliable approaches are needed to monitor overdose trends during pregnancy and postpartum. This analysis aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ICD-9/10-CM codes for drug overdose events among people in the MATernaL and Infant clinical NetworK (MAT-LINK) with medication for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. ⋯ The sensitivity and positive predictive value of ICD-9/10-CM codes for capturing drug overdose compared with abstracted electronic health record data during the perinatal period was low in this cohort of people with medication for opioid use disorder during pregnancy, though the specificity and negative predictive value were high. Incorporating other data from electronic health records and outside the healthcare system might provide more comprehensive insights on nonfatal drug overdose in this population.