American journal of preventive medicine
-
Smoking remains a strong risk factor for premature death. This study examines the associations of nondaily smoking, daily smoking, and smoking cessation with the risks of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. ⋯ This study suggests that nondaily smokers have a higher risk of all-cause mortality. The association of daily smoking with the risk of mortality increased as the number of cigarettes smoked per day increased. Among former smokers, the risk decreased with longer cessation. Tobacco control efforts should be targeted not only toward daily smokers but also toward nondaily smokers to reduce the risk of premature death owing to smoking.
-
Human papillomavirus-vaccinated cohorts, irrespective of age, will likely reduce their subsequent screening requirements, thus opening opportunities for global cost reduction and program sustainability. The determinants of uptake and completion of a 3-dose human papillomavirus vaccination program by adult women in a European context were estimated. ⋯ Acceptance and schedule completion were largely dependent on recruitment method, achieved coverage of national vaccination programs, and personal relationship status. Knowledge of benefits and safety reassurance may be critical to expanding vaccination target ages. Study results suggest that there are no major opinion barriers in adult women to human papillomavirus vaccination, especially when vaccination is offered face to face in healthcare settings.
-
Trends in blood lead levels in the same birth cohort (generation) are necessary to identify the lead load in the population. This analysis uses a nationally representative sample to investigate the trends in blood lead levels from 1999 to 2016 by birth cohort and to revisit the association between blood lead levels and age. ⋯ In this nationally representative study of the U.S. population, estimates of blood lead levels showed an overall decrease from 1999 to 2016. Blood lead levels are highest in childhood.
-
This study aims to (1) describe the prevalence and clustering of 3 health behaviors, (2) examine the association between individual health behaviors and health-related quality of life, and (3) explore the association between the clustering of the health behaviors and health-related quality of life. ⋯ Health behaviors were significantly associated with health-related quality of life among U.S. adults. Healthy behaviors should be encouraged because adopting these behaviors may contribute to a higher health-related quality of life.