American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Long-term Results From the FRESH RCT: Sustained Reduction of Children's Tobacco Smoke Exposure.
Standard care interventions to reduce children's tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) may not be sufficient to promote behavior change in underserved populations. A previous study demonstrated the short-term efficacy of an experimental counseling intervention, Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes (FRESH) compared with standard care on boosting low-income children's TSE reduction and maternal smoking at 16-week end of treatment (EOT). This study tested long-term posttreatment efficacy of this treatment through a 12-month follow-up. ⋯ Study results with a sample of underserved maternal smokers demonstrated that the short-term effect of FRESH counseling at 16-week EOT was maintained through 12 months after treatment-for both bioverified child TSE reduction and maternal smoking cessation. Smokers in low-income communities demonstrate elevated challenges to success in standard smoking treatment. FRESH follow-up results suggest the high potential value of more-intensive behavioral intervention for vulnerable smokers.
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E-cigarettes were introduced to support smoking cessation, but their popularity has increased among nonsmokers, challenging current perspectives on their safety and effectiveness as a public health intervention. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize current evidence on the influence of social factors on e-cigarette intentions and use. ⋯ Given the increased popularity among nonsmokers and the potential for advertising to increase e-cigarette use, closer public health monitoring of e-cigarette uptake by nonsmokers is warranted. Future primary research should be designed to measure how social factors affect smokers and nonsmokers differently.
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Adverse effects of cigarette smoking on physical performance are well studied. Because of the recent rise in popularity of vaping, it is important to evaluate its effect on fitness both independently and in conjunction with traditional cigarette use. ⋯ This study suggests that individuals who use e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes average a lower level of fitness than individuals who abstain.
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Food insecurity during young adulthood affects physical health, mental health, and academic performance. However, little is known about parental and behavioral factors during childhood that may contribute to risk of food insecurity during young adulthood. ⋯ Spending time in food preparation during childhood and high parental nutritional knowledge each have a protective effect against food insecurity during young adulthood. Greater investment in teaching cooking skills during childhood may be beneficial, particularly for individuals at high risk for food insecurity.
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Although the use of alternative tobacco products has been increasing among women and adolescents, research on the use of ENDS during pregnancy has been limited. This study examines the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of ENDS and cigarette use during pregnancy. ⋯ Pregnant women across the U.S. are using ENDS and cigarettes. Surveillance is essential to continue monitoring trends in prenatal use of tobacco products and understand the implications on pregnancy and infant outcomes.