American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Graphic warning labels in cigarette advertisements: recall and viewing patterns.
The Family Smoking Prevention and Control Act gave the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) legal authority to mandate graphic warning labels on cigarette advertising and packaging. The FDA requires that these graphic warning labels be embedded into cigarette advertising and packaging by September 2012. ⋯ Graphic warning labels improve smokers' recall of warning and health risks; these labels do so by drawing and holding attention.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Healthcare costs around the time of smoking cessation.
The Affordable Care Act mandates that new insurance plans cover smoking-cessation therapy without cost-sharing. Previous cost difference estimates, which show a spike around the time of cessation, suggest premiums might rise as a result of covering these services. ⋯ The inclusion of smoking-cessation therapy does not appear to raise short-term healthcare costs. By the sixth quarter post-quit, sustained quitters were less costly than trial participants who continued smoking.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Exergaming and older adult cognition: a cluster randomized clinical trial.
Dementia cases may reach 100 million by 2050. Interventions are sought to curb or prevent cognitive decline. Exercise yields cognitive benefits, but few older adults exercise. Virtual reality-enhanced exercise or "exergames" may elicit greater participation. ⋯ Cybercycling older adults achieved better cognitive function than traditional exercisers, for the same effort, suggesting that simultaneous cognitive and physical exercise has greater potential for preventing cognitive decline.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A cluster randomized trial of sun protection at elementary schools. Results from year 2.
Elementary schools are one potential venue for sun protection interventions that reduce childhood sun exposure. ⋯ This intervention increased use of hats at school through Year 2 but had no measurable effect on skin pigmentation or nevi. Whether school-based interventions can ultimately prevent skin cancer is uncertain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of a weight-loss website based on positive deviance. A randomized trial.
Web-based interventions for weight control could promote more-widespread dissemination of weight-loss opportunities; however, they remain limited in effectiveness. Incorporating weight-control practices used by individuals with long-term weight-loss success ("positive deviants") may improve the efficacy of web-based weight control interventions. ⋯ User-generated weight-loss practices from "positive deviants" could promote weight control in web-based interventions; however, further research is needed to improve program efficacy.