American journal of preventive medicine
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Over 30 million U.S. working adults use tobacco, and tobacco use varies by occupation. Limited information is available on employment characteristics and tobacco use prevalence. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of current tobacco use by employment characteristics and occupation group among U.S. working adults. ⋯ Current tobacco use varied according to employment characteristics and occupation group. Findings from this study could inform workplace tobacco cessation interventions and policies (e.g., access to paid sick leave or insurance coverage) to better support tobacco cessation and overall worker health.
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Review Meta Analysis
Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease Associated With Antidiabetics: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.
Dementia risk is substantially elevated in patients with diabetes. However, evidence on dementia risk associated with various antidiabetic regimens is still limited. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) associated with various antidiabetic classes. ⋯ Metformin and SGLT2i demonstrated lower dementia risk than other antidiabetic classes. Patient-specific factors may affect this relationship and cautious interpretation is warranted as metformin is typically initiated at an earlier stage with fewer complications. Hence, further large-scaled clinical trials are required.
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Children living in poverty are at an increased risk for maltreatment. Social safety net (SSN) programs with antipoverty objectives may reduce child maltreatment through pathways such as reduced food insecurity, lessened caregiver stress, and improved caregiving behaviors and ability to meet children's basic needs. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of evidence on the ability of SSN programs to reduce child maltreatment in the United States (U.S.). ⋯ SSNs are associated with protective effects against child maltreatment. Expansion of SSN programs would likely have positive benefits beyond poverty-related objectives, including reducing incidence of child maltreatment.
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Obesity affects four in ten US adults. One of the most prevalent health-related social risk factors in the US is housing instability, which is also associated with cardiovascular health outcomes, including obesity. The objective of this research brief is to examine the association between housing instability with obesity status among a representative sample of insured adults across seven integrated health systems. ⋯ Among a representative cohort of insured adults, this study suggested increasing levels of housing instability are associated with increasing levels of obesity. Future research should further explore the temporal, longitudinal, and independent association of housing instability with obesity.