American journal of preventive medicine
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Review Meta Analysis
Smartphone Applications to Prevent type 2 Diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence supporting the use of apps for lifestyle behavior change and diabetes prevention in people at high risk of diabetes is lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of smartphone applications (apps) for the prevention of type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Smartphone apps have a promising effect on preventing type 2 diabetes by supporting weight loss. Future robust trials should include diverse populations in co-design and evaluation of apps and explore the role of artificial intelligence in further personalizing interventions for higher engagement and effectiveness.
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Review
Parks, Trails, and Greenways for Physical Activity: A Community Guide Systematic Economic Review.
This systematic economic review examined the cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure interventions to increase physical activity or infrastructure use. ⋯ The evidence shows that economic benefits exceed the intervention cost of park, trail, and greenway infrastructure. Given large differences in the size of infrastructure, intervention costs and economic benefits varied substantially across studies. There was insufficient number of studies to determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
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Neighborhood violence is an adverse childhood experience which impacts millions of U.S. children and is associated with poor health outcomes across the life course. These effects may be mitigated by access to care. Yet, the ways in which exposure to neighborhood violence shapes children's health care access have been understudied. ⋯ In this nationally representative study, neighborhood violence exposure among children was associated with unmet health needs and increased acute care utilization. Evidence-based interventions to improve access to care and reduce economic precarity in communities impacted by violence are needed to mitigate downstream physical and mental health consequences.
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Previous research has found that policies specifically focused on pregnant people's alcohol use are largely ineffective. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships between general population policies regulating alcohol physical availability and outcomes related to pregnant people's alcohol use, specifically infant morbidities and injuries. ⋯ Findings suggest that limiting alcohol availability for the general population may help reduce adverse infant outcomes related to pregnant people's alcohol use.
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Regular participation in aerobic physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of dementia. It is currently unclear whether this association is due to the total volume or intensity of physical activity. ⋯ These results suggest that engaging in VPA as part of MVPA is associated with a lower risk of dementia.