American journal of preventive medicine
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HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective when taken as prescribed. Digital health adherence interventions have been identified as effective for improving antiretroviral therapy adherence among people with HIV, but limited evidence exists for PrEP adherence interventions among people without HIV. The purpose of this Community Guide systematic review was to present the characteristics and effectiveness of digital PrEP adherence interventions. ⋯ Digital health adherence interventions with different strategies to improve PrEP and HIV-related outcomes were identified. The small number of studies identified is a limitation. Findings from this review served as the basis for the Community Preventive Services Task Force recommendation to use these interventions to increase PrEP adherence to prevent HIV infection.
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Although morbidity and mortality related to synthetic opioids such as illicitly manufactured fentanyl are monitored in the U.S., there has been a lack of national survey data focusing on use. Survey data are important because self-report can help estimate prevalence of use among living persons. ⋯ Whereas past-year (mis)use of other drugs (without use disorder) was not consistently associated with illicitly manufactured fentanyl use, cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and prescription opioid use disorder was associated with higher odds of illicitly manufactured fentanyl use, suggesting that more severe use of various drugs is more of a risk factor than use.
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Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, routine sexually transmitted infection (STI) screenings decreased, and test positivity rates increased due to limited screening appointments, national-level STI testing supply shortages, and social distancing mandates. It is unclear if adolescent preventive STI screening has returned to pre-pandemic levels and if pre-existing disparities worsened in late-pandemic. ⋯ Neighborhood socioeconomic and educational disadvantage amplified racial-ethnic disparities in STI screening during the pandemic. Future interventions should focus on improving primary care utilization of non-Hispanic-Black adolescents to increase routine STI screening and preventive care utilization.