American journal of preventive medicine
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Pasos Hacia La Salud II: a superiority RCT utilizing technology to promote physical activity in Latinas.
Latinas face an increased risk for chronic diseases associated with insufficient physical activity (PA). The researchers previously showed that a website-based intervention could increase PA among insufficiently active Latinas, yet rates of meeting national PA guidelines were low. The original intervention was enhanced by adding additional features, content, and points of contact, including via text messaging. This study tests the efficacy of the enhanced intervention compared with the original, aimed at maximizing and sustaining PA gains across 24 months. It also examines if increases in PA differed by baseline PA. ⋯ This study demonstrates the potential to enhance the efficacy of website-based PA interventions by utilizing text messaging, and adding more interactive features, content, and phone support. These enhancements may be particularly beneficial in supporting long-term PA maintenance.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Varenicline for E-Cigarette Cessation in Adults: A Preliminary Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.
-
Children's diets in the U.S. typically fail to meet dietary recommendations, contributing to associated adverse health outcomes. The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 required the U.S. government to update nutrition standards for school meals to align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs). This study estimates the evolving impact of substituting school-prepared food for home-prepared food on overall daily diet quality and by subcomponents of diet quality. Subgroup analyses are performed by race/ethnicity and income. ⋯ HHFKA-based nutrition standards were associated with beneficial dietary changes and reduced dietary disparities for children across diverse backgrounds.
-
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, routine sexually transmitted infection (STI) screenings decreased, and test positivity rates increased due to limited screening appointments, national-level STI testing supply shortages, and social distancing mandates. It is unclear if adolescent preventive STI screening has returned to pre-pandemic levels and if pre-existing disparities worsened in late-pandemic. ⋯ Neighborhood socioeconomic and educational disadvantage amplified racial-ethnic disparities in STI screening during the pandemic. Future interventions should focus on improving primary care utilization of non-Hispanic-Black adolescents to increase routine STI screening and preventive care utilization.
-
This study provides national estimates of parental perceived child sexual orientation or gender minority (SGM) discrimination and examines associations between SGM discrimination and chronic pain in children. ⋯ Based on parent report, about 0.6 million children in the U.S. have experienced SGM-based discrimination; these children are twice as likely to have chronic pain. Findings highlight the importance of assessment and intervention for chronic pain in children who may experience marginalization and discrimination due to their sexual orientation and gender identity.