American journal of preventive medicine
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U.S. military personnel have a high prevalence of alcohol misuse, which can adversely affect force readiness. The objective of this study was to identify pre-service predictors of new-onset alcohol misuse among male Marines. ⋯ Multiple pre-service predictors were associated with new-onset alcohol misuse in male Marines. These findings should be considered when screening for alcohol misuse and developing clinical interventions to mitigate adverse impacts of alcohol misuse in the military.
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The purpose of this study was to simulate potential changes in dietary intake and food costs by replacing juice with whole fruit among children ages 1 - 5 years attending US early care and education (ECE) settings between 2008-2020. ⋯ Replacing juice with whole fruit in ECE would result in increased fiber intake and decreased sugar and calories. A policy to replace juice with whole fruit in ECE would likely cause an increased daily food cost and given the potential broad benefit of this dietary intervention, there may be reason to expand funding within nutrition assistance programs in ECE.
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Physical activity (PA) is widely accepted as a therapeutic approach to age-related muscle mass loss. However, it is unclear whether all PA domains benefit muscle mass maintenance. This study investigated the association between low muscle mass and domain-specific-PA, including leisure-time and occupational moderate-to-vigorous-PA (MVPA). ⋯ Leisure-time MVPA is inversely associated with low muscle mass, whereas occupational MVPA shows no association, highlighting the importance of dynamic movements of sufficient intensity and recuperation time in maintaining muscle mass.
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Persistent poverty counties (PPCs) are U.S. counties where ≥20% of residents have lived in poverty for ≥30 years. Cancer mortality rates in PPCs are exceptionally high, due in part to elevated smoking rates. ⋯ Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of offering small FI for completing OTH coaching calls to increase treatment engagement and smoking cessation in PPCs.