American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Perceived and measured availability of tobacco to youths in 14 Minnesota communities: the TPOP Study. Tobacco Policy Options for Prevention.
Availability of tobacco to young people is believed to be an important factor in the onset of tobacco use. We still do not have a complete picture of how tobacco is obtained by youths or how access can be curtailed. ⋯ These results suggest that sources of cigarettes shift from social to commercial with age and that sources of cigarettes for rural youths may be different than for urban youths.
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To understand the causes of low childhood immunization rates, physicians were interviewed about their knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported immunization practices. ⋯ If the Healthy People 2000 goal to eliminate indigenous cases of measles is to be achieved, free vaccine supplies and increased provider education are needed.
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Historical Article
Incidence of infectious disease and the licensure of immunobiologics in the United States.
Our objective was to investigate the relationship of vaccine or toxoid licensure with the incidence of the target disease in the United States. ⋯ Historical data provide evidence of proof of efficacy of mass immunization for measles, polio, rubella, mumps, and pertussis, but not for diphtheria or tetanus.
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Data to assess factors associated with differences in coronary heart disease mortality between Caucasians and African Americans are limited. We assessed risks for sudden, nonsudden, and other coronary death between Caucasians and African Americans in relation to known risk factors for coronary disease and socioeconomic status. ⋯ Broad public health efforts are needed to address these causes of excess mortality.
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Women, and particularly African-American women, may be less physically active than what is ideal. Knowledge of factors that influence physical activity is valuable information to those planning and administering exercise promoting interventions. ⋯ Those planning interventions targeting female adolescents should consider employing distinct strategies for specific ethnic group and age subgroups. Opportunities for physicians to have an impact on the physical activity of female adolescents includes using their community standing to influence school policies and to counsel female patients individually during office visits.