American journal of preventive medicine
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Women with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) face up to 50% higher risk of cardiovascular disease than men. This study evaluated the extent to which prediabetes and undiagnosed T2D are associated with a greater excess risk of cardiovascular disease in women versus in men. ⋯ Prediabetes or undiagnosed T2D was associated with a greater excess risk of cardiovascular disease in women than in men. The sex differential in cardiovascular disease risk among those without the T2D diagnosis suggests the need for sex-specific guidelines in T2D screening and treatment.
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Screen time is predominantly measured using questionnaires assessing a limited range of activities. This project aimed to develop a coding protocol that reliably identified screen time, including device type and specific screen behaviors, from video-camera footage. ⋯ This protocol reliably codes screen activities in adolescents, offering promise for improving the understanding of the impact of different screen activities on health.
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Adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was the first vaccine made available for herpes zoster in China. Authors aimed to evaluate its economic and health impacts on Chinese adults aged ≥50 years. ⋯ RZV was most likely to be cost-effective in people aged 60-69 years. A slight decrease in vaccine cost would result in RZV being cost-effective in all people aged ≥50 years.
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The purpose of this study is to compare opioid prescribing and high-risk prescribing by race and ethnicity in a national cohort of U.S. veterans. ⋯ Non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native veterans had the greatest likelihood to receive an opioid prescription. When an opioid was prescribed, high-risk prescribing was more common in White and American Indian/Alaska Native veterans than in all other racial/ethnic groups. As the nation's largest integrated healthcare system, the Veterans Health Administration can develop and test interventions to achieve health equity for patients experiencing pain.
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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration was ordered to evaluate electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) products by September 9, 2021, but missed the court-ordered deadline. This study provides an estimate of electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) use initiation among youth and young adults after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's missed deadline. ⋯ Over a million youth and young adults initiated E-cigarette use after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's missed court-ordered deadline. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration needs to continue evaluating premarket tobacco product applications, enforce decisions on premarket tobacco product applications, and remove E-cigarettes that are deemed harmful to public health to effectively address the E-cigarette epidemic among young people.