American journal of preventive medicine
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Despite promising reductions in mortality from infectious diseases, premature death is a still major public health problem in Brazil. However, little is known about which diseases and injury mechanisms are the main causes of premature death. This paper aimed to detail the trends in leading causes of death among children and adolescents in Brazil. ⋯ Injury-related deaths among children and adolescents are a growing concern in Brazil, and firearms are the current leading cause of child and adolescent death.
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Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. Neighborhoods characterized by a high proportion of fast-food outlets may also contribute to hypertension in residents; however, limited research has explored these associations. This cross-sectional study assessed the associations between neighborhood fast-food environments, measured hypertension, and self-reported hypertension. ⋯ Findings suggest that reducing the proportion of fast-food restaurants in neighborhoods may be a factor that could help reduce hypertension rates.
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Review
Economics of Team-based Care for Blood Pressure Control: Updated Community Guide Systematic Review.
This paper examined the recent evidence from economic evaluations of team-based care for controlling high blood pressure. ⋯ Intervention cost and net cost were higher in the U.S. than in other high-income countries. Healthcare cost averted did not exceed intervention cost in most studies. The evidence shows that team-based care for blood pressure control is cost-effective, reaffirming the favorable cost-effectiveness conclusion reached in the 2015 systematic review.
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The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure guideline redefined hypertension and lowered the blood pressure treatment target. Empirical data on the guideline's impact are needed. ⋯ There were small decreases in systolic blood pressure and increases in antihypertensive therapy among older adults reclassified to Stage 2 hypertension but not among those reclassified to Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline.
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Systematic reviews by the WHO have shown an increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to ischemic heart disease and stroke among individuals working an average of ≥55 hours/week. ⋯ A substantial proportion of physicians have work hours previously shown to be associated with adverse personal health outcomes.