Acta radiologica
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Magnetic resonance (MR) is unique in its ability to allow assessment of bone marrow, epiphyseal, physeal, and articular cartilage as well as tendons and ligaments. An understanding of skeletal maturation and the accompanying changes on MR is of utmost importance in pediatric radiology. ⋯ This review will include a brief description of main indications and common pitfalls in musculoskeletal MR in children. Also, we will focus on the MR appearance of the growing pediatric skeleton on the most commonly used sequences.
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Congenital lung malformations encompass a wide spectrum of conditions with a broadly varying clinical presentation. They are often a source of morbidity in infants and children. Their management depends on the type of malformation and its clinical presentation. ⋯ Attending to the pathophysiological mechanisms and structures involved, lung malformations can be divided into three categories: bronchopulmonary anomalies, combined lung and vascular abnormalities, and vascular anomalies. The purpose of this article is to review the current imaging techniques for evaluating lung malformations in pediatric patients and their characteristic imaging findings. Moreover, this review discusses a useful classification and offers some clues to facilitate the differential diagnosis.
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Many assumptions are made when imaging children. In particular a judgement is made regarding how safe or unsafe each imaging modality is, using relatively arbitrary definitions and distinctions, due to the lack of robust scientific data. ⋯ Given our predictions for the children imaged today, it seems reasonable to pursue non-ionizing-based techniques wherever possible, although there is emerging evidence that MRI and ultrasound may have hitherto unknown effects. As our knowledge base expands, we must continually review our practice in light of the latest scientific data.
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There is a wide spectrum of benign, non-cystic scrotal lesions that show characteristic histo-morphology and natural history. While sonography is the preferred modality for the diagnosis of both testicular and extratesticular masses, MRI is used as a problem-solving modality when sonographic findings are inconclusive. This article reviews the cross-sectional imaging features of benign, non-cystic, intra- and extratesticular lesions. Definitive diagnosis of benign scrotal lesions may lead to conservative management including testicular preserving surgery.
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Review Case Reports
Cardiac tamponade after malignant superior vena cava stenting: Two case reports and brief review of the literature.
Percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava (SVC) is usually recommended as a palliative procedure for malignant SVC obstruction with low reported morbidity. Complications are uncommon and usually of minor consequence. We report two unusual cases of cardiac tamponade following SVC stenting in patients with malignant SVC syndrome. Echocardiography allows rapid diagnosis and guides pericardial drainage in the interventional radiology suite.