Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Oct 2008
Increased risk of mortality in the elderly population with late-stage chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in Taiwan.
Taiwan has the world's highest incidence and second highest prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), particularly in older age groups. However, the transition from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to death or ESRD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of late-stage CKD on all-cause and cause-specific mortality by identifying the CKD population. ⋯ Late-stage CKD is a significant risk factor for mortality, especially due to cardiovascular and renal diseases, in elderly Taiwanese. Given the higher prevalence rate of late-stage CKD in the study area, CKD patient mortality was relatively lower, which might reflect underestimation of renal function for patients at early stages of CKD, or partly explain the high ESRD population.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Oct 2008
Induction of P450 1A by 3-methylcholanthrene protects mice from aristolochic acid-I-induced acute renal injury.
Cytochrome P450 1A, an enzyme known to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), participates in the metabolism of aristolochic acid I (AAI) in liver and kidney microsomes isolated from humans and rodents. This study was designed to investigate whether P450 1A plays a role in AAI-induced renal injury in C57BL/6 mice. ⋯ These results demonstrated that the induction of hepatic P450 1A1/2 protected against AAI-induced kidney injury through faster in vivo clearance of AAI and suggested an important role for hepatic P450s in the detoxification of AAI-induced renal injury.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Sep 2008
Comparative StudyCoronary artery bypass surgery and acute kidney injury--impact of the off-pump technique.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious and frequent complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was identified as a major AKI risk factor after CABG. Our aim was to assess the impact of the off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) compared to the on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB) technique on the rate and severity of AKI, while taking other risk factors for AKI into account. ⋯ Using current AKI definitions and classifications, the OPCAB technique for CABG, which avoids CPB; was associated with a significantly lower rate and less severe AKI compared to ONCAB. The OPCAB technique was identified as the only modifiable and potentially protective factor against postoperative AKI.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Aug 2008
Nephrotic state as a risk factor for developing posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a distinctive and potentially serious complication of the nephrotic syndrome. The objective of the present study is to characterize the factors predisposing the development of PRES in paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome. ⋯ The development of PRES occurred at the time of moderate to severe nephrotic state in most of our paediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome. Besides the administration of cyclosporine and having hypertension, there appear to be several additive factors predisposing the development of PRES in these patients, namely low serum albumin level, generalized oedema, increase in vascular permeability, unstable fluid status and renal insufficiency. The re-administration of cyclosporine to those patients with anamnesis of PRES may be considered after the management and close monitoring of these factors as well as hypertension.
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Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. · Jul 2008
Five-year outcomes of severe acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy.
Current research priorities in critical care medicine are focusing on long-term outcomes of survivors of critical illness. Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common occurrence in intensive care. However, few studies have followed up these patients beyond 12 months after hospital discharge. ⋯ This prospective observational study indicates that severe AKI is not only a determinant of excess in-hospital case fatalities of critically ill patients, but it also carries significant implications for long-term mortality.