The Journal of laryngology and otology
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This study aimed to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging has a role in the evaluation of the sphenoid sinus and internal carotid artery. In addition, we aimed to establish reference measurements for the minimal distance between the internal carotid arteries. ⋯ Magnetic resonance imaging can provide useful information about the sphenoid sinus and internal carotid artery, prior to endoscopic sphenoidotomy and trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy.
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Over recent years, there has been an increase in otolaryngology publications concerning diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The aims of this review paper are to summarise the basic principles of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and to provide an overview of current otolaryngological applications and areas of research. ⋯ The role of this imaging modality within otolaryngology is yet to be fully elucidated. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may prove to be a useful adjunct in both the pre- and post-operative care of otolaryngology patients.
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Review Case Reports
Anterior cervical osteophytes resulting in severe dysphagia and aspiration: two case reports and literature review.
We report two cases in which dysphagia and aspiration, caused by anterior cervical osteophytes, were so severe that surgical resection was performed. ⋯ In patients with anterior cervical osteophytes, surgical treatment is indicated only for selected cases with large, bony osteophytes and severe symptoms.
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'High stakes' postgraduate medical examinations should conform to current educational standards. In the UK and Ireland, national assessments in surgery are devised and managed through the examination structure of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons. Their efforts are not reported in the medical education literature. In the current paper, we aim to clarify this process. ⋯ We have developed a summative, Objective, Structured, Clinical Examination for doctors training in otorhinolaryngology, reported herein. The objectives and standards of setting a high quality assessment were met.