Journal of veterinary internal medicine
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J. Vet. Intern. Med. · May 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialImportance of the effective strong ion difference of an intravenous solution in the treatment of diarrheic calves with naturally acquired acidemia and strong ion (metabolic) acidosis.
The effect of sodium bicarbonate on acid-base balance in metabolic acidosis is interpreted differently by Henderson-Hasselbalch and strong ion acid-base approaches. Application of the traditional bicarbonate-centric approach indicates that bicarbonate administration corrects the metabolic acidosis by buffering hydrogen ions, whereas strong ion difference theory indicates that the co-administration of the strong cation sodium with a volatile buffer (bicarbonate) corrects the strong ion acidosis by increasing the strong ion difference (SID) in plasma. ⋯ A solution containing a high effective SID (sodium bicarbonate) is much more effective in alkalinizing diarrheic calves with strong ion acidosis than a solution with a low effective SID (sodium gluconate). Sodium gluconate is ineffective in correcting acidemia, which can be explained using traditional acid-base theory but requires a new parameter, effective SID, to be understood using the strong ion approach.
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J. Vet. Intern. Med. · Mar 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialDouble-masked, placebo-controlled study of intravenous levetiracetam for the treatment of status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in dogs.
Status epilepticus (SE) and acute repetitive seizures (ARS) are common canine neurologic emergencies. No evidence-based studies are available to guide treatment in veterinary patients. Parenteral levetiracetam (LEV) has many favorable properties for the emergency treatment of seizures, but its safety and efficacy in dogs for SE and ARS are unknown. ⋯ LEV was safe and potentially effective for the treatment of SE and ARS in these client-owned dogs. Larger, controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm this preliminary observation.
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J. Vet. Intern. Med. · Nov 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialRandomized, blinded comparison of epinephrine and vasopressin for treatment of naturally occurring cardiopulmonary arrest in dogs.
Administration of epinephrine during CPR is recommended for treatment of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in dogs. Administration of epinephrine during CPR might be associated with deleterious adverse effects. Vasopressin has been studied for use in CPR as an alternative. ⋯ ROSC was similar in dogs receiving epinephrine or vasopressin. In this study, a survival advantage at 1 hour was seen in those animals receiving epinephrine. No advantage of routine use of vasopressin over epinephrine was detected. Further studies are required to examine subgroups of dogs that might benefit from specific interventions.
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J. Vet. Intern. Med. · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA comparison of hypertonic (7.2%) and isotonic (0.9%) saline for fluid resuscitation in horses: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial.
Hypertonic saline solution (7.2%) (HSS) can quickly replace intravascular volume deficits. HSS more recently has been advocated in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, but its use in dehydrated patients remains controversial. ⋯ Results of this study indicate that HSS may provide faster restoration of intravascular volume deficits than ISS in endurance horses receiving emergency medical treatment. More marked electrolyte changes should be expected with HSS, however, and additional fluids after HSS administration likely are needed.
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J. Vet. Intern. Med. · Jul 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialClinical efficacy of sildenafil in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in dogs.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in dogs carries a poor prognosis. Sildenafil increases exercise capacity and improves hemodynamics in people with PAH. ⋯ Sildenafil decreases systolic pulmonary arterial pressure from baseline in dogs with PAH and is associated with increased exercise capacity and QOL when compared to treatment with placebo.