AIDS
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Results of a model AIDS prevention program for high school students in the Philippines.
To describe the sexual practices of high school students; to describe the process of development of a school-based AIDS prevention program; and to evaluate the effect of this program on students' AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and AIDS-preventive behaviors. ⋯ A sizable number of Filipino high school students are sexually active but condom use is low. School-based AIDS prevention programs can be developed and implemented in developing countries with the assistance of school personnel to address sexual issues. Our program was successful in increasing AIDS-related knowledge and improving attitudes towards people with AIDS. Supplementation with other preventive activities may be needed to achieve lasting changes in students' risk-taking behavior.
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To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. ⋯ This study strongly suggests that exposure to both placental malaria infection and maternal HIV infection increases post-neonatal mortality beyond the independent risk associated with exposure to either maternal HIV or placental malaria infection. If confirmed, malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy could decrease the impact of transmission of HIV from mother to infant.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Octreotide therapy of large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial.
To compare the effect of octreotide (a long-acting somatostatin analog) to that of antidiarrheal therapy plus placebo on large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea. ⋯ Octreotide proved to be superior to conventional therapy in this short-term treatment of large-volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea.
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To assess the effect of introducing consensus guidelines on avoidable blood transfusions in Mwanza region, Tanzania. ⋯ The development and introduction of consensus guidelines was not sufficient to change prescribing practice. The proportion of avoidable blood transfusions decreased only in hospitals where compliance was maintained through regular clinic meetings and strict supervision by senior medical staff.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
AIDS education for primary school children in Tanzania: an evaluation study.
To test the effects of an HIV/AIDS education program. ⋯ These results indicate that it is feasible and effective to provide AIDS education for Tanzanian primary school children.