Lung cancer : journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
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Review Meta Analysis
Smoking cessation interventions within the context of Low-Dose Computed Tomography lung cancer screening: A systematic review.
The integration of smoking cessation interventions (SCIs) within the context of lung cancer screening programs is strongly recommended by screening guidelines, and is a requirement for Medicare coverage of screening in the US. In Europe, there are no lung cancer screening guidelines, however, research trials are ongoing, and prominent professional societies have begun to recommend lung cancer screening. Little is known about the types and efficacy of SCIs among patients receiving low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening. ⋯ Findings from this review suggest that participation in a lung screening trial promotes smoking cessation and may represent a teachable moment to quit smoking. Findings also suggest that providers can take advantage of this potentially teachable moment, and that SCIs have been successfully implemented in screening settings. Continued systematic and methodologically sound research in this area will help improve the knowledge base and implementation of interventions for this population of smokers at risk for chronic disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Tumor marker analyses from the phase III, placebo-controlled, FASTACT-2 study of intercalated erlotinib with gemcitabine/platinum in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
The FASTACT-2 study of intercalated erlotinib with chemotherapy in Asian patients found that EGFR mutations were the main driver behind the significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit noted in the overall population. Further exploratory biomarker analyses were conducted to provide additional insight. ⋯ Activating EGFR mutations were predictive for improved treatment outcomes with a first-line intercalated regimen of chemotherapy and erlotinib in NSCLC. ERCC1 status may have some predictive value in EGFR wild-type disease, but requires further investigation.
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Severe malignant airway obstruction (SMAO) is a life-threatening form of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). ⋯ PTS intratumoral injection is effective and well tolerated for palliative therapy of NSCLC-SMAO.
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Sunitinib is a potent oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFRs, KIT, and PDGFRs. In a single arm phase II trial, sunitinib has demonstrated its potential activity in refractory thymic carcinoma (TC) and thymoma (T). Taking advantage of the French RYTHMIC network prospective database, we investigated the off-label efficacy of sunitinib in previously-treated thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) patients not included in a clinical trial. ⋯ Sunitinib is an active treatment in TETs irrespective of histological subtype, supporting the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with anti-angiogenic activity as alternative treatment options in refractory disease.
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A major drawback of lung cancer screening programs is the high frequency of false-positive findings on computed tomography (CT). We investigated the accuracy of selective 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) scan in assessing radiologically indeterminate lung nodules detected in lung cancer screening. ⋯ The visual analysis of FDG PET/CT scan is highly accurate in characterizing indeterminate pulmonary nodules detected in lung cancer screening with low-dose CT. Semi-quantitative analysis does not improve the accuracy of FDG PET/CT over that obtained with a qualitative method for lung nodule characterization.