European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery
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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg · Jan 1996
Transsternal transpericardial operations in the treatment of bronchopleural fistulas after pneumonectomy.
Between 1972 and 1993, 19 patients (15 males and 4 females) with bronchopleural fistulae and pleural empyema after pneumonectomy were treated with transsternal transpericardial operations and closure of the fistula. The underlying malignant disease was a non-small cell carcinoma in 12, a malignant epithelial mesothelioma in two, and an atypical carcinoid tumor in one case. One patient each presented with tuberculosis, chest trauma, and lung destroyed by bronchiectasis. ⋯ Two patients died in the first 30 days, of renal or respiratory failure without fistula recurrence. In two cases the fistula recurred; definitive healing was achieved using a great omentum flap and endoscopic application of fibrin glue and bone spongiosa. Transsternal transpericardial management of bronchus stump fistula after pneumonectomy is highly effective and offers advantages over the direct approach through the infected empyema cavity.
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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg · Jan 1996
Aortic valve replacement after aortic valvuloplasty for calcified aortic stenosis.
This study concerns patients who underwent one or several aortic balloon valvuloplasties at our institution and subsequently required cardiac surgery, either on an emergency basis after aortic valvuloplasty or due to the development of aortic stenosis. ⋯ Both our experience and the literature show that balloon aortic valvuloplasty is followed by an immediate improvement in hemodynamic status with a decrease in valve gradient and an increase in valve area. However, the hemodynamic benefit is typically short-lived with a very high restenosis rate. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty is not an alternative to aortic valve replacement, which remains the best treatment for calcified aortic stenosis; the benefits and long-term results of aortic valve replacement are well established, even in the elderly.
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Gastrointestinal (GI) complications after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are uncommon complications with significant morbidity and mortality rates. ⋯ Gastrointestinal complications, although of low incidence, carry a significantly high mortality, and the clinician must be alert to institute early appropriate treatment.
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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg · Jan 1996
Early and long-term results for correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in neonates and infants.
To present our 17-year experience of surgical repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) in 71 consecutive neonates and infants, with particular emphasis on the role of preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO), the management of postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crises and the long-term results. ⋯ Early repair of TAPVD with aggressive management of pulmonary hypertensive crises carries low operative mortality nowadays. Preoperative PVO as a risk factor has been neutralized since 1987. Long-term results are gratifying: no late death after 6 months, no reoperation and functional good results. Progressive pulmonary vein fibrosis remains an unpredictable rare cause of death within the 1st year after surgery.
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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg · Jan 1996
Myocardial protection in chronic volume-overload hypertrophy of immature rat hearts.
The benefit of cardioplegic cardiac arrest for protection of the immature myocardium is controversial. We therefore investigated the efficacy of (1) topical hypothermia alone (2) slow cooling by coronary perfusion hypothermia and (3) cardioplegic cardiac arrest plus topical cooling for protection of isolated immature rat hearts (age: 28 days). ⋯ Rapid cooling by topical hypothermia along provides superior protection of hypertrophied- and non-hypertrophied-immature rat hearts to additional slow pre-arrest cooling. Use of St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution No.2 (STS 2) does not improve protection, and even hinders functional recovery in hypertrophied immature hearts. Endothelial injury caused by cold asanguinous perfusates, including cardioplegia, interferes with the recovery of vascular function, which in turn, may limit mechanical function.