European journal of clinical nutrition
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Using Doppler ultrasound, we prospectively evaluated the relationship between central venous blood flow and the development of central venous thrombosis in ten patients with a long term central line. The presence of turbulent blood flow around the catheter was followed by the development of central venous thrombosis in two patients but neither had subsequent clinical sequelae. More surprisingly, however, normal blood flow was demonstrated in eight patients, two of whom subsequently developed intravascular thrombi.
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We have measured urea kinetics in normal adult men and women of different body composition to determine whether adiposity is associated with differences in the rate of urea production or endogenous urea hydrolysis. ⋯ This paper highlights the difficulty in identifying an appropriate reference with which to express results in people of different body composition. In obese women urea production and the hydrolysis of urea are increased, in part related to the increased fat-free mass, but also related to the increased fat mass itself. In obese women and men on high protein diets the greater rate of hydrolysis urea may be a reflection of an increased demand for the synthesis of non-essential amino acids, especially glycine.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Effect of fat- and sucrose-containing foods on the size of eating episodes and energy intake in lean dietary restrained and unrestrained females: potential for causing overconsumption.
This study compared the action of high fat and high sucrose foods on snack size (satiation) and post snack satiety, in dietary unrestrained (UR) and restrained (R) lean females. ⋯ These results indicate the energy intake of an eating episode is related to hunger level and macronutrient composition of foods consumed. High fat foods give rise to higher current energy intake than high sucrose foods, and kilojoule for kilojoule are less effective in suppressing subsequent food intake.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Meal frequency; does it determine postprandial lipaemia?
To determine the effect of altering meal frequency on postprandial lipaemia and associated parameters. ⋯ The findings of this study did not confirm the previous studies which suggested that nibbling is beneficial in reducing the concentrations of lipid and hormones. The rigorous control of diet content and composition in the present study compared with others, suggest reported effects of meal frequency may be due to unintentional alteration in nutrient and energy intake in previous studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Dose-related gastrointestinal response to the ingestion of either isomalt, lactitol or maltitol in milk chocolate.
To determine whether there were differences between different polyols (sugar alcohols) in terms of their ability to stimulate intolerance symptoms when consumed in milk chocolate. Also to discover whether symptomatology can be related to the dose of polyol ingested. ⋯ This work has shown that there are significant differences in the reporting of gastrointestinal symptomatology following the consumption of isomalt, lactitol and maltitol incorporated into milk chocolate. However, with all three polyols the incidence and severity of symptomatology was dose dependent.