Journal of neurotrauma
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2022
NaHS subchronic treatment improves hypertension induced by traumatic brain injury in rats through vasopressor sympathetic outflow inhibition.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a critical public health problem around the world. To date, there are no accurate therapeutic approaches for the management of cardiovascular impairments induce by TBI. In this regard, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gasotransmitter, has been proposed as a neuro- and cardioprotective molecule. ⋯ Moreover, NaHS treatment prevented the sympathetic hyperactivity and decreased noradrenaline-induced vasopressor responses. No effects on sensorimotor dysfunction were observed, however. Taken together, our results suggest that H2S ameliorates the hemodynamic and sympathetic system impairments observed after TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2022
Characterizing Sleep and Wakefulness in the Acute Phase of Concussion in the General Population: A Naturalistic Cohort from the Toronto Concussion Study.
Growing literature links concussion to changes in sleep and wakefulness in humans and in rodent models. Sleep has been linked with synaptic reorganization under other conditions; however, the characterization and role of sleep after acute concussion remains poorly understood. While much research has focused on insomnia among patients with chronic or persistent concussion symptoms, there is limited understanding of sleep and acute concussion, its potential role in recovery, and associated risk factors for the development of chronic sleep disturbance. ⋯ Differences by sex are an important consideration for early intervention and long-term monitoring. Because sleep was compromised by pain, pain management is also an integral part of early intervention. Our findings suggest that assessment of sleep beginning in the acute stage is a critical component of concussion management in the general population.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2022
Knockdown of rno_circRNA_009194 Improves Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats Through Inhibiting Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Nav1.3.
Excessive activation of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.3 has been recently reported in secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulating voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.3) have not been well understood. The present study used a TBI rat model induced by a fluid percussion device and performed a circular RNA (circRNA) microarray (n = 3) to profile the altered circRNAs in the hippocampus after TBI. ⋯ Down-regulation of circRNA_009194 resulted in a 27.5% reduced mNSS in rat brain (n = 6, p < 0.01) after TBI and regulated the expression levels of miR-145-3p, Sp1, and Nav1.3, which was reversed by sh-miR-145-3p or Sp1/Nav1.3 overexpression (n = 5, p < 0.05). Mechanistically, circRNA_009194 might act as a sponge for miR-145-3p to regulate Sp1-mediated Nav1.3. This study demonstrated that circRNA_009194 knockdown could improve neurological outcomes in TBI in vivo by inhibiting Nav1.3, directly or indirectly.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2022
Observational StudyValidation of the SCAT5 and Child SCAT5 word-list memory task.
The Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5) and the child version (Child SCAT5) are the current editions of the SCAT and have updated the memory testing component from previous editions. This study aimed to validate this new memory component against the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) as the validated standard. This prospective, observational study, carried out within The Royal Children's Hospital Emergency Department, Melbourne, Australia, recruited 198 participants: 91 with concussion and 107 upper limb injury or healthy sibling controls. ⋯ Logistic regression models for both the RAVLT and SCAT5, however, did not predict group membership (p > 0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis found that the area under the curve for all variables and models was below the recommended 0.7 threshold. This study demonstrated that the SCAT5 and Child SCAT5 memory paradigm is a valid measure of memory in concussed children.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jan 2022
Children with ADHD Have a Greater Lifetime History of Concussion: Results from the ABCD Study.
This case-control study using baseline data from the population cohort Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® compared lifetime history of concussion between children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We hypothesized that children with ADHD would have a greater lifetime history of concussion than children without ADHD. Children were recruited from schools across the United States, sampled to provide strong generalizability to the US population. ⋯ ADHD is associated with twice the lifetime prevalence of prior concussion before age 11 among children from the general U. S. population. Boys and girls with ADHD did not differ in proportions with prior concussion and concussion history was not related to the number of ADHD symptoms reported by parents.