Journal of neurotrauma
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Journal of neurotrauma · Sep 2022
Presence of persistent parent reported emotional and behavioral-related concussion symptoms is associated with lower health-related quality of life in adolescent athletes.
Persistent concussion symptoms in adolescents are associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The association between persistent emotional and behavioral-related concussion symptoms (EBS) and HRQOL is unknown, however. This study was a prospective cohort of adolescent athletes presenting to a concussion clinic within three days post-concussion and completing a one-month follow-up. ⋯ At one-month post-concussion, adolescents with pre-concussion EBS levels had significantly lower psychosocial, physical, and total HRQOL than those with no EBS. In addition, those with EBS worse than pre-concussion had significantly lower psychosocial, physical, and total HRQOL than those with no EBS and EBS at pre-concussion levels. These findings highlight the importance of HRQOL assessments and that targeted interventions may be needed for those with EBS at one-month post-concussion to improve HRQOL.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Sep 2022
Interleukin-4 reduces lesion volume and improves neurological function in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice.
Little is known about the impact of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on secondary brain damage in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we evaluated the effect of IL-4-Knockout (IL-4-KO) on structural damage, as well as functional impairment, in the acute phase after experimental TBI in mice. A total of 28 C57Bl/6 wildtype and 20 C57BL/6-Il4tm1Nnt/J IL-4-KO mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI). ⋯ Gait impairment was significantly more pronounced in IL-4-KO mice throughout the first week after CCI (e.g., 0.07 ± 0.01 sec vs. 0.00 ± 0.01 sec, p = 0.047 for right hindpaw Swing on D1; -1.76 ± 1.34 U vs. 2.53 ± 0.90 U, p = 0.01 for right forepaw mean intensity on D3; -0.01 ± 0.01 cm2 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 cm2, p = 0.015 for left forepaw mean area on D7). In conclusion, IL-4 reduces structural damage and improves functional outcome in the acute phase after CCI. Neurobehavioral outcome assessment in IL-4-related studies should focus on motor function on the first 3 days after trauma induction.