Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Alkalinizing local anesthetic does not decrease pain during injection for dorsal penile nerve block.
To evaluate whether alkalizing local anesthetic with sodium bicarbonate reduces pain related to infiltration of local anesthetic during dorsal penile nerve block for circumcision. ⋯ Alkalinizing the acidic local anesthetic solution by sodium bicarbonate does not decrease pain related to infiltration during penile nerve block for circumcision.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and fentanyl pharmacodynamic interactions in surgical patients as measured by effects on median power frequency.
To identify and quantify the simultaneous interactions of isoflurane, nitrous oxide (N2O), and fentanyl during surgical procedures. The slowing of the EEG to a median power frequency of 2 Hz to 3 Hz was chosen as the measure of pharmacodynamic drug effect. ⋯ The potency of N2O and fentanyl to substitute isoflurane in maintaining a median power frequency of 2 Hz to 3 Hz during surgery is less than anticipated from minimum alveolar concentration studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ondansetron/promethazine combination or promethazine alone reduces nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.
To determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting when a combination of ondansetron and promethazine is given prophylactically, and to ascertain the effect of postoperative nausea and vomiting on recovery room duration and patient satisfaction. ⋯ The prophylactic use of an antiemetic with middle ear surgery may reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting over 24 hours, and the ondansetron/promethazine combination or promethazine alone are cost-effective choices. Finally, the combination reduced significantly the severity of vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during manually controlled positive pressure ventilation.
To examine the cuffed oropharyngeal airway (COPA) during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and to compare its reliability and efficacy with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). ⋯ Although effective ventilation can be accomplished with both devices, the LMA is more reliable for "hands free" ventilation than the COPA. The lower incidence of laryngopharyngeal discomfort and salivation with the COPA may be beneficial for patients at risk for developing laryngospasm.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation after vital capacity rapid inhalation induction (VCRII) with different concentrations of sevoflurane.
To evaluate the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to tracheal intubation after vital capacity rapid inhalation induction (VCRII) with four concentrations of sevoflurane followed by nitrous oxide (N2O) 50% and sevoflurane in concentrations administered by clinical judgment. ⋯ VCRII with sevoflurane 3% to 6% following fentanyl 3 micrograms/kg can be considered for blunting the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation in healthy patients.