Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effective time and concentration of nitrous oxide to reduce venipuncture pain in children.
To investigate the time of administration and concentration of inhaled nitrous oxide (N(2)O) needed to reduce the pain associated with intravenous (i.v.) cannulation in children. ⋯ Seventy percent N(2)O in O(2) given for three minutes was effective for reducing venipuncture pain in children.
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To investigate whether gender difference has an effect on an anesthesia resident's ability to perform successful mask ventilation. ⋯ Gender difference has an effect on the mask ventilation learning process, as it was more difficult for female residents to provide a tight air seal in the early stage of training.
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Letter Randomized Controlled Trial
A needle guide can facilitate visualization of needle passage in ultrasound-guided nerve blocks.