Journal of clinical anesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of preanesthetic intramuscular ranitidine on gastric acidity and volume in children.
To evaluate the effects of preanesthetic administration of intramuscular (IM) ranitidine on pH and volume of gastric contents in children. ⋯ Preanesthetic IM ranitidine 1 to 2 mg/kg resulted in a higher pH and lower volume of gastric fluid at the time of induction and in a higher pH during 3 hours of anesthesia. This therapy may be a useful adjunct to premedication for children who have a greater than normal risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia.
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To determine whether continuous measurement of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P(ET)CO2) can be used to wean patients safely and efficiently from postoperative mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. ⋯ Continuous monitorin of SpO2 and P(ET)CO2 can be used to wean patients safely and effectively after CABG when adjustment of minute ventilation compensates for an increased PaCO2-P(ET)CO2 gradient during controlled ventilation.
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To evaluate the accuracy of the nasal septum site for pulse oximetry measurement of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) in hypothermic patients. ⋯ Monitoring SpO2 at the nasal septum site is more reliable than monitoring it at the finger site in hypothermic patients.
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To examine the efficacy of a nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system for respiratory support in patients who have respiratory insufficiency but are able to maintain spontaneous breathing without hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, or deteriorated mental status. ⋯ Nasal CPAP (10 cmH2O) is a reliable alternative to support arterial oxygenation in patients with respiratory failure who are alert and vigorous enough to avoid hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis while breathing spontaneously. In addition, since the patients are able to speak and thus are capable of expressing their feelings, the anxiety observed during respiratory support can be reduced.