Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2014
ReviewAnesthesia in neurologic and psychiatric diseases: is there a 'best anesthesia' for certain diseases?
Patients with diseases affecting the central nervous system present a wide range of clinical manifestations increasing the perioperative risk. The following review focused on recommendations for anaesthesiological management in patients with both neurologic and psychiatric diseases. ⋯ The 'best' anesthesia includes adequate preoperative evaluation of the individual risk, optimization of comorbidities before elective surgery, the use of short-acting anesthetic agents for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, avoidance of volatile agents and succinylcholine in muscular dystrophy and myopathies.
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In the last decade, there has been a rapid development in new endovascular treatment options for cerebral aneurysms. These techniques have their own inherent risk and can be challenging for the attending anesthetist. ⋯ The different endovascular techniques relevant to the anesthetist, the anesthetic options and complications that can occur during endovascular treatment of these patients will be discussed. This article can be a guidance to the anesthesiologist attending endovascular procedures for cerebral aneurysms.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2014
ReviewRole of novel drugs in sedation outside the operating room: dexmedetomidine, ketamine and remifentanil.
Progress in medical technology, diagnostic procedures and imaging techniques results in a growing demand for well tolerated sedation regimens, devoid of respiratory and haemodynamic complications. Moreover, rapid turnover time dictates the need for rapid onset of effect and rapid recovery. Recent literature regarding the use of dexmedetomidine, ketamine and remifentanil for sedation outside the operating room is reviewed. As procedural sedation is often performed by nonanaesthesiologists, articles from journals other than anaesthesiology journals are also included. ⋯ Recent literature is reviewed regarding dexmedetomidine, ketamine and remifentanil for its use outside the operating room. Sedationists have to keep in mind the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the currently used agents in adults and children.