Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2012
ReviewComputational genetic discoveries that could improve perioperative medicine.
The review examines the rationale and translational utility of computational genetic studies using murine models of biomedical traits. ⋯ The results have generated new treatments for alleviating incisional pain and narcotic drug withdrawal symptoms, which are now in clinical trials. A recent study identified allelic differences affecting chronic pain responses in mice and humans, which may enable a new 'personalized' approach to treating chronic pain.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2012
The use of high-frequency jet ventilation for out of operating room anesthesia.
High-frequency jet ventilation is a novel technique for providing mechanical ventilation in the out of operating room (OOR) setting. Case reports and a small series of patients have shown it to be useful in patients undergoing cardiac arrhythmia ablations, interventional radiology procedures, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Recently, interest in the technique has grown tremendously as the ability to provide superior surgical conditions may lead to improved efficiency and less side-effects in a variety of procedures. ⋯ Technological advances are allowing an increasing number of surgical procedures to be performed in the OOR setting. Such procedures often depend on the precise application of ablation catheters or shock waves. High-frequency jet ventilation facilitates the improved accuracy of catheter and shock wave placement, as well as efficiency of a variety of procedures. Improved efficiency, with fewer side-effects, has tremendous implications for the growth of such procedures in the OOR setting.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2012
ReviewFundamental concepts of epigenetics for consideration in anesthesiology.
Epigenetics dictate how the genetic blueprint is ultimately expressed and, therefore, is fundamental to our understanding of disease etiology and cellular responses and consequences to exposure of stimuli, such as anesthetics and perioperative stress. The goal of this review is to provide a concise overview of the fundamental concepts in epigenetics and discuss how epigenetics may be incorporated into research studies in anesthesiology. ⋯ Epigenetic mechanisms underlie many human pathological conditions and impact clinical management in a variety of contexts. Although epigenetic research related to anesthesiology is sparse at the present, the full understanding of the mechanism of action of analgesics, interindividual variations in responses to anesthetics and consequences of exposure to anesthetic drugs will likely require the evaluation and integration of epigenetic information into current research paradigms.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2012
ReviewAnesthetic management of children undergoing hematologic-oncologic procedures outside the operating room.
There is an increasing demand on anesthetic services to provide care for children undergoing hematologic-oncologic procedures outside the operation room; in particular, to mitigate the pain and unpleasant side-effects of these treatments. This review provides an update of the latest findings on this topic. ⋯ Treatment of children undergoing hematologic-oncologic procedures outside the operation room is challenging. Expertise and high standards are essential to assure patient safety.