Current opinion in anaesthesiology
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2006
ReviewPropofol infusion syndrome in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine.
Propofol infusion syndrome is a rare but often fatal syndrome, characterized by lactacidosis, lipaemic plasma and cardiac failure, associated with propofol infusion over prolonged periods of time. As propofol is used worldwide, knowledge of propofol infusion syndrome is essential for all anaesthesiologists and intensive care physicians. This review will provide an update on reported cases, and describe recent findings relevant to the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of propofol infusion syndrome. ⋯ Propofol infusion syndrome must be kept in mind as a rare but highly lethal complication of propofol use, not necessarily confined to the prolonged use of propofol. Dose limitations must be adhered to, and early warning signs such as lactacidosis should lead to the immediate cessation of propofol infusion.
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In this review, we summarize the new drugs in development in the anaesthesia field. ⋯ We consider the main reason for low activity is the perception in industry that there is little need for new drugs in anaesthesia because the needs are well addressed by existing agents. If this is not the case then anaesthesiologists need to be more effective in communicating their requirements.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Jun 2006
ReviewPerioperative management of chronic pain patients with opioid dependency.
In this article, we discuss the perioperative anesthesia and pain management of patients with chronic pain receiving chronic opioid administration. In our practice we may expect to be confronted with opioid-dependent patients in routine anesthesia practice and should acquire specific knowledge and skills to effectively manage the perioperative and acute pain management issues that arise. ⋯ In our clinical practice, we should employ multimodal pain management therapy by using an around-the-clock regimen of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, acetaminophen, and regional blockade. Dosing regimens should be individualized to optimize efficacy while minimizing the risk of adverse events.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Jun 2006
ReviewPostcesarean analgesia: effective strategies and association with chronic pain.
The management of postoperative pain after cesarean section slightly differs from that of the general surgical population, specifically women need to recover quickly to take care of their newborn baby. Optimal pain management is imperative for the success of immediate-term and long-term rehabilitation and this principle applies to obstetric patients. There is growing evidence that perioperative pain management has consequences extending well beyond the immediate recovery period. Unrelieved postoperative pain is a striking risk factor for the development of residual pain. ⋯ The use of balanced analgesia has significantly improved acute pain management after cesarean section. Future studies should extend their investigations beyond the first 48 h and consider the long-term effects of different analgesic regimens, that is, those that alter the development of residual pain.
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With the graying of the Western population, there is a continuous increase in the proportion of elderly patients undergoing surgical procedures. Geriatric anesthesia is emerging from a 'subspecialty' to the mainstream of today's anesthesia and perioperative care. Much has been written on anesthesia for the elderly, but this review will concentrate on selected topics related to elderly care that represent current unresolved and pertinent issues for the care of the elderly surgical patient. ⋯ Although age is a clear risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction, the association of general anesthesia with cognitive dysfunction is less clear, as is the effect of anesthesia per se or surgery on long-term cognitive dysfunction. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is a relatively new and evolving concept in anesthesia and perioperative medicine, yet clearly diastolic dysfunction even with a normal ejection fraction may have a significant effect on the perioperative outcome and management of elderly patients. Small, but powerful studies have shown significant outcome benefit with prophylactic perioperative beta-blockade in high-risk patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Data from other studies, however, are still conflicting and the final verdict awaits larger scale outcome studies.