Journal of internal medicine
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To assess the association of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) versus long-acting insulins (LAIs), which are the two commonly prescribed injectable glucose-lowering agents (GLAs) for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after the failure of multiple oral GLAs. ⋯ Among T2D patients who require injectable GLAs, the use of GLP-1RAs versus LAIs was associated with lower risks of cirrhosis and HCC.
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may be associated with transfusion reactions and risk of alloimmunization. ⋯ Severe symptomatic AIHA may be safely transfused provided appropriate matching of patients and donors.
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Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is required for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine, the molecular mediator that inhibits cytokine production in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway of the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex. Abundant work has established the biology of cytoplasmic ChAT in neurons, but much less is known about the potential presence and function of ChAT in the extracellular milieu. ⋯ As a group, these results support further investigation of ChAT as a counter-regulator of inflammation and potential therapeutic agent.