Annals of medicine
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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor originating in the bile duct and its branching epithelium. Due to its high heterogeneity, there are no specific clinical indications at the early stage, the diagnosis is often in advanced CCA. With surgical resection, the 5-year postoperative survival rate (long-term survival rate) is very poor. ⋯ However, the current targeted therapy of CCA still has many challenges, such as adverse reactions, drug resistance, and individual differences. Therefore, the researches need to further explore the targeted therapy mechanism of CCA malignancies in depth, develop more effective and safe drugs, and accurately formulate plans based on patient characteristics to further improve patient prognosis in the future. This article reviews the recent progress of targeted therapy for CCA, aiming to provide a strategy for the research and clinical work of targeted therapy for CCA.
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Myeloid neoplasms post cytotoxic therapy (MN-pCT) are a category includes AML, MDS, and MDS/MPN arising in patients exposed to cytotoxic (DNA-damaging) therapy for an unrelated condition in 2022 version World Health Organization (WHO) classification. With improved survival of patients with tumors, the incidence of MN-pCT after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy among patients with tumors has gradually risen. However, the outcome of MN-pCT is poorer than that of primary myeloid neoplasms. This review summarizes the current understanding based on existing research, as a foundation for further research on MN-pCT.
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There is growing concern that the severe respiratory disease in birds (avian influenza or 'bird flu') caused by the H5N1 influenza virus, might potentially spread more widely to humans and cause a pandemic. Here we discuss clinical issues related to human infections by the highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype of the avian influenza A virus and make a clinical comparison with recent information obtained from studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ⋯ Like SARS-CoV-2 infection, H5N1 infection may result in endothelial dysfunction and the associated procoagulant and prothrombotic state, and via this mechanism, the infection can potentially increase cardiovascular morbidity, especially in vulnerable individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular disease. Secondly, we discuss the potential beneficial role of statin use, both in the prophylaxis and the treatment of individuals with influenza A(H5N1), as was found favorable for the treatment of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Despite the widespread administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, the impact on patients with asymptomatic to mild illness remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of various vaccine doses and types on the duration of isolation duration and discharge rates, the viral shedding duration, and negative rates in asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients. ⋯ Full vaccination was effective, with heterologous vaccines showing greater efficacy than inactivated vaccines alone. However, there was no significant difference in the vaccine protective effect 12 months after vaccination.
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Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection of the T-cell or Natural killer (NK)-cell type, systemic form (systemic CAEBV or sCAEBV) was defined by the WHO in 2017 as an EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder and is listed as an EBV-positive T-cell and NK-cell proliferation. The clinical manifestations and prognoses are heterogeneous. This makes systemic CAEBV indistinguishable from other EBV-positive T-cell and NK-cell proliferations. ⋯ The diagnostic methods for systemic CAEBV are complicated and lack systematic description. The recent development of diagnostic procedures, including molecular biological and immunological techniques such as flow cytometry, has provided us with the ability to better understand the proliferation of other EBV-positive T cells and NK cells, but there is no definitive review of their value in diagnosing systemic CAEBV. This article summarizes the recent progress in systemic CAEBV differential diagnosis and the prospects of flow cytometry.