Annals of medicine
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, causing a substantive threat to the public, which receives global concern. However, there are limited drugs targeting the treatment of DN. Owing to this, it is highly crucial to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of DN. ⋯ A primary mechanism of ferroptosis is associated with iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the accumulation of ROS. Recently, many studies testified to the significance of ferroptosis in kidney tissue under diabetic conditions and explored the drugs targeting ferroptosis in DN therapy. Our review summarized the most current studies between ferroptosis and DN, along with investigating the significant processes of ferroptosis in different kidney cells, providing a novel target treatment option for DN.
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Diabetic retinopathy is a common yet severe complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of blindness in middle-aged adults. After years of poorly managed hyperglycemia, complications begin as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy but can then progress into the proliferative stage marked by neovascularization of the retina. ⋯ This review outlines the major pathways of pathogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, highlighting the protective role pericytes play in preserving the blood-retinal barrier. Given the loss of this cell line is a defining feature of the disease, ways in which to prevent pericyte dropout within retinal vasculature is discussed, targeting various pathogenesis pathways of diabetic retinopathy.
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Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is abundant in the human brain and has an important role in brain homeostasis and diseases. AQP4 expression has been found to be associated with glioma malignancies. However, the complete understanding of the biological processes and curative importance of AQP4 in glioma remains unclear. ⋯ Both comprehensive research into the mechanisms and systematically intervention studies focusing on AQP4 are essential. By embracing this strategy, we can obtain a new and insightful outlook on managing cancerous glioma. Although the observations summarized in this review should be confirmed with more studies, we believe that they could provide critical information for the design of more focused research that will allow for systematic and definitive evaluation of the role of AQP4 in glioma treatments.
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Multicenter Study
Abdominal imaging and endoscopic characteristics of adult abdominal IgA vasculitis: a multicenter retrospective study.
IgA vasculitis (IgAV), previously known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura, is an IgA-mediated systemic small vessel vasculitis that tends to be more severe in adults than in children. Early diagnosis of IgAV involving the gastrointestinal tract remains difficult, especially in patients who present with gastrointestinal symptoms before purpura. This study aims to systematically analyze the abdominal imaging and endoscopic features of adult patients with abdominal IgAV, providing assistance to clinicians in the early recognition of this condition. ⋯ The most common symptom in adult abdominal IgAV patients is acute abdominal pain. In the early stage of the disease, most patients exhibit elevated levels of WBC, NLR, CRP, D-dimer, and fibrinogen, along with decreased albumin level. The duodenum and ileum are the most commonly affected sites. By integrating these findings, clinicians can identify abdominal IgAV patients earlier and more accurately.
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Multicenter Study
Long-term safety of mepolizumab for up to ∼10 years in patients with severe asthma: open-label extension study.
Long-term safety monitoring of mepolizumab is necessary to support real-world use for the treatment of severe asthma. This Long-Term Access Program assessed the safety and benefit:risk of mepolizumab in pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with severe asthma. ⋯ NCT00244686 (GSK ID 201956).