Annals of medicine
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Amphiregulin (AREG) is a growth factor linked to cardioprotection and heart pathology during myocardial stress. Our aim was to investigate cardiac AREG expression, its potential as a postmortem hypothermia marker and its possible stress hormone dependency in different types of deaths. ⋯ Severe hypothermia activates cardiac AREG expression practicable as a postmortem hypothermia marker. Cortisol and catecholamines may act as transcriptional modifiers of this gene, especially in long-term ischaemic heart disease. However, the exact role of these hormones in upregulation of AREG during hypothermia remains unclear.
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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, causing a substantive threat to the public, which receives global concern. However, there are limited drugs targeting the treatment of DN. Owing to this, it is highly crucial to investigate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of DN. ⋯ A primary mechanism of ferroptosis is associated with iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and the accumulation of ROS. Recently, many studies testified to the significance of ferroptosis in kidney tissue under diabetic conditions and explored the drugs targeting ferroptosis in DN therapy. Our review summarized the most current studies between ferroptosis and DN, along with investigating the significant processes of ferroptosis in different kidney cells, providing a novel target treatment option for DN.
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Inflammation responses have identified as a key mediator of in various liver diseases with high morbidity and mortality. cGAS-STING signalling is essential in innate immunity since it triggers release of type I interferons and various of proinflammatory cytokines. The potential connection between cGAS-STING pathway and liver inflammatory diseases has recently been reported widely. ⋯ Furthermore, many inhibitors of cGAS-STING signalling as promising agents to cure liver inflammation are also explored in detail. A comprehensive knowledge of molecular mechanisms of cGAS-STING signalling in liver inflammation is vital for exploring novel treatments and providing recommendations and perspectives for future utilization.
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The nomenclature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently is blurred, indistinct and no accurate and haven't been properly updated since the first description, which is far from being suitable for the current implementation of clinical practise and scientific research of ALS, and urgently need an solution. Furthermore, the current diagnostic criteria need also further been improved, because the current clinical diagnosis of ALS majorly depends on the clinical manifestations yet. Up to now, no any objective clinical auxiliary examination can be helpful to diagnose ALS besides the electromyogram identifying the lower motor neuron damage, which isn't conducive to early diagnosis and prolongs the time of ALS confirmed diagnosis. In this mini review, we discussed the current doubt about the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria of ALS, and prospected in order to further improve and normalize the nomenclature and diagnosis of ALS.
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Cirrhosis is a disease that imposes a heavy burden worldwide, but its incidence varies widely by region. Therefore, we analysed data on the incidence and mortality of cirrhosis in 204 countries and territories from 1990-2019 and projected the disease development from 2019-2039. ⋯ Cirrhosis poses an increasing health burden. Given the changing etiology, there is an imperative to strengthen the prevention of hepatitis C and alcohol consumption, to achieve early reduce the incidence of cirrhosis.