Respiratory medicine
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Respiratory medicine · Dec 2017
Combined effects of multiple risk factors on asthma in school-aged children.
Little is known about synergistic effects of several risk factors on asthma. We developed a risk score in Puerto Rican children, and then used this score to estimate the combined effects of multiple risk factors on asthma at school age in Puerto Rican and Swedish children. ⋯ Our findings emphasize the multifactorial etiology of asthma, and suggest that concurrent eradication or reduction of several modifiable risk factors may better prevent or reduce the burden of childhood asthma.
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Respiratory medicine · Dec 2017
Comparative StudyClinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of pleural effusions in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial disease.
The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has increased over the last 10 years. However, the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with NTM pleuritis have not been well defined. ⋯ The laboratory characteristics of pleural effusions from patients with NTM disease were similar to those of patients with tuberculous pleuritis. The treatment outcome of MAC-PD appears to be worse than that of MAC-LD. Therefore, clinicians need to be alert to successfully manage patients with MAC-PD.
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Respiratory medicine · Dec 2017
Hyponatremia in infants with new onset moderate-severe bronchiolitis: A cross-sectional study.
The reported cumulative prevalence of hyponatremia (sodium <135 mmol/L) in bronchiolitis is 28%. However, sodium level was never measured by direct potentiometry, the method recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hyponatremia, measured by direct potentiometry, in infants with moderate-severe bronchiolitis. ⋯ The first study on sodium level measured by the direct potentiometry in infants with bronchiolitis points out that the prevalence of hyponatremia is two-fold higher than so far reported.
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Respiratory medicine · Nov 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEffect of budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler on exacerbations versus formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The 6-month, randomized RISE (Revealing the Impact of Symbicort in reducing Exacerbations in COPD) study.
Prevention of exacerbations is a primary goal for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy. This randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, multicenter study evaluated the effect of budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) versus formoterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) on reducing COPD exacerbations. ⋯ Budesonide/formoterol pMDI is an effective treatment option for reducing exacerbation rates in COPD patients with moderate-to-very-severe airflow limitation and history of exacerbations. No increase in pneumonia was observed with budesonide/formoterol; safety data were consistent with its established profile.
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Respiratory medicine · Nov 2017
Infection control, genetic assessment of drug resistance and drug susceptibility testing in the current management of multidrug/extensively-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) in Europe: A tuberculosis network European Trialsgroup (TBNET) study.
Europe has the highest documented caseload and greatest increase in multidrug and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) of all World Health Organization (WHO) regions. This survey examines how recommendations for M/XDR-TB management are being implemented. ⋯ Infection control for inpatients with M/XDR-TB remains a problem in high incidence countries. Rifampicin resistance is readily detected, but tests to plan regimens tailored to the drug susceptibilities of the strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are significantly delayed, allowing for further drug resistance to develop.