Urology
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Incisional surgical site infections are common bacterial infections in kidney transplantation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, timing, etiology, and risk factors for incisional surgical site infections. ⋯ Diabetic patients, and those who received sirolimus-based immunosuppressive regimens, showed an increased risk of developing incisional surgical site infections after kidney transplantation.
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Multicenter Study
Impact of previous bacille Calmette-Guérin failure pattern on subsequent response to bacille Calmette-Guérin plus interferon intravesical therapy.
To evaluate the effect of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) failure pattern in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer on the subsequent response to intravesical immunotherapy. ⋯ Patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with disease recurrence more than 1 year after BCG treatment and who were treated with low-dose BCG plus interferon-alpha had response rates similar to those of BCG-N patients treated with regular-dose BCG plus interferon. Although cystectomy should still be strongly considered, these patients might benefit from another trial with intravesical immunotherapy. In contrast, recurrence within 1 year of BCG treatment should lead to consideration of either cystectomy or alternative intravesical therapies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
A double-blind, randomized comparison of levofloxacin 750 mg once-daily for five days with ciprofloxacin 400/500 mg twice-daily for 10 days for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis.
A clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin 750 mg once daily for 5 days to ciprofloxacin twice daily for 10 days for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) or acute pyelonephritis (AP). ⋯ This study demonstrates that both drug regimens are safe and effective and that a 5-day course of therapy with levofloxacin, administered at a dose of 750 mg once daily, is noninferior to a 10-day course of therapy with ciprofloxacin for the treatment of AP and cUTI.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Intermittent androgen suppression for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: preliminary report of a prospective multicenter study.
To clarify the effect of intermittent androgen suppression on the time to androgen-independent progression and changes in quality of life (QOL). ⋯ Our interim analysis indicated that QOL is remarkably improved during the off-treatment period. Intermittent androgen suppression would be a viable option for treatment of advanced prostate cancer, although a randomized controlled study is required to determine whether intermittent androgen suppression prolongs the time to androgen-independent cancer. We will continue follow-up in this study to a minimum of 3 years.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Is the efficacy of hormonal therapy affected by lymph node status? data from the bicalutamide (Casodex) Early Prostate Cancer program.
To report an exploratory subgroup analysis assessing the extent to which the overall benefit found in the Early Prostate Cancer program is dependent on lymph node status at randomization. The program is ongoing, and the overall survival data are immature. The first combined analysis of the bicalutamide (Casodex) Early Prostate Cancer program at 3 years' median follow-up showed that bicalutamide, 150 mg once daily, plus standard care (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or watchful waiting), significantly reduced the risk of objective progression and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling in patients with localized/locally advanced prostate cancer. ⋯ The greatest reduction in the risk of objective progression and PSA doubling with bicalutamide was seen in patients with N+ disease. However, bicalutamide also provided a statistically significant benefit in those with N0 and Nx disease.