Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
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Case Reports
Use of surface scanning for creation of transparent facial orthoses. A report of two cases.
To introduce the advantages of surface scanning over conventional burn mask construction to produce better fitting transparent facial orthoses (TFO). ⋯ Facial burns represent many psychological and rehabilitation challenges. We recommend the use of a digitally produced device in patients with severe facial burns who require constant pressure to minimize hypertrophic scarring and to improve cosmesis. Scar management studies have shown that surface scanning results in a better fitting mask than conventional fabrication, without the labor-intensive, time-consuming, and imprecise process, which may delay treatment effects. The conventional process is slow and anxiety-provoking, especially for children, who often require anesthesia. In contrast, the head scanner rotates 360 degrees around the pateint's head, painlessly and accurately capturing the profile and contour of the face in 7s. Since the procurement of this scanner, our two patients, as well as many other burn victims, have greatly benefited from the creation of face masks utilizing this equipment. We believe that all rehabilitation professionals caring for burn patients should be aware of this new technology.
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The respiratory tract produces a number of molecules that act in the first line of host defense to protect against pathogenic colonization and tissue invasion. Most of the innate antimicrobial activity can be attributed to airway fluid proteins, such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor, and peptides, such as defensins. ⋯ Our data demonstrates an increased amount of HBD-2 in the pulmonary airways with thermal injury compared to normal lung. A further substantial increase in levels was noted in chronic lung conditions.
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This study was designed to investigate the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase on Kupffer cells (KCs) secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta and hepatic injury following burn trauma. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: (1) sham burn rats given vehicle, (2) sham burn rats given the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (10mg/kg i.v., 15min and 12h after sham burn), (3) rats given a 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burn and fluid resuscitation plus vehicle, and (4) burn rats given injury and fluid resuscitation plus SB203580. Rats from each group were killed at 24h post-burn to examine plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and KCs were isolated. ⋯ Burn trauma resulted in hepatic dysfunction and promoted KCs secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. SB203580 inhibited p38 MAP kinase activity, reduced KCs secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and alleviated burn-mediated hepatic dysfunction. These data suggest p38 MAP kinase activation is one important aspect of the signaling event that may mediate the KCs secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta following burn trauma.
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In the present study, the effects of a thermal injury on the nitric oxide (NO)-ergic system was investigated in freely moving rats. Using a voltammetric method allowing direct and in situ NO measurements, a significant decrease in cortical NO concentration was observed during the 24h following burning procedure. ⋯ Experiments conducted in ex vivo conditions showed that blood NO and nitrites (NO(2)(-)) + nitrates (NO(3)(-)) concentrations increased strongly after burn injury while hypothalamic inducible NO-synthase (NOS(2)) mRNA level decreased significantly. A thermal injury was thus accompanied by a rapid impairment of the NO-ergic pathways, which might partly have been responsible for numerous changes occurring after burn injury.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of myocardial Gsalpha mRNA expression and ATPase and the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on that after burns in rats. Wistar rats were exposed to a 95 degrees C water bath for 10s to produce 30% TBSA skin-full-thickness scalds. Myocardial Gsalpha mRNA level, cAMP content and adenyl cyclase (AC) activities were determined with dot blotting hybridization, radioimmunoassay and indirect method, respectively. ⋯ The activities of (Ca(2+)-Mg(2+))-ATPase and (Na(+)-K(+))-ATPase in plasma membrane of myocardial cells and red blood cells in scald group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P<0.01). PNS (100 mg kg(-1), i.p.) improved these indexes significantly after scalds (P<0.01 or 0.05). These data suggested that the effects of PNS on myocardium in burned rats involved its action to increase myocardial Gsalpha mRNA expression and AC activity, cAMP content as well as ATPase activities.